Medical Conditions - Enzyme Immunoassay

An enzyme-linked immunoassay is a diagnostic tool used to measure antibodies, antigens, proteins, and glycoproteins in biological samples. Some examples include diagnosis of HIV infection, pregnancy tests, and measurement of cytokines or soluble receptors in cell supernatant or serum. Enzyme-immune assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane. Enzyme-linked immunoassay uses an antibody conjugated to an enzyme (alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase) to bind the antigen. The enzyme converts a substrate (usually either chromogen or fluorogen) into an observable end product.