Brainstem Lesion

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata together form the brain stem. It is the pathway for various ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord and brain. In addition, it is the housing of nuclei, cranial nerve projections, reticular formation, and centers crucial for the body's vital functions. Symptoms vary based on the site of the lesion. Multiple sclerosis, vascular injury, cavernous angiomas, gliomas, reduced blood supply are some of the lesions that occur in the brainstem. Any lesion in the midbrain can cause defective head, eye, trunk, and limb movement to visual impulses. Some syndromes associated with brainstem lesions are Weber, Claude, Parinaud, Millard-Gubler, and Wallenberg. Intractable hiccup, dysphagia, dysarthria, hemiplegia, weakness on one side of the body, change in gait, dizziness, etc., are some of the symptoms.