Can genetic tests predict my likelihood of breast cancer?

Question

Hello doctor,

Both my mother and grandmother passed away from breast cancer, and based on my family history, my genetic counselor has recommended cancer genomic testing. I am 35 years old and feeling understandably anxious about what the results might show.

Could you please explain what this type of testing evaluates and how it is performed? If a genetic mutation is identified, does that mean I will definitely develop cancer, or does it indicate an increased risk?

I would also appreciate guidance on the possible next steps if the test is positive. For example, are preventive surgeries ever recommended, or are there other management options? Additionally, how accurate are these tests? What do the results mean for my children’s risk, and are there any concerns regarding insurance discrimination?

Thank you for helping me understand this process and what it may mean for my family and me.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

Thank you for sending in your question.

I know that genetic testing can be scary and stressful, especially because of your family's history. Cancer genomic testing checks for hereditary changes in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, that are known to raise the risk of breast, ovarian, and some other cancers.

Finding a mutation definitely get cancer; it just means you're at a higher risk than other people. This lets us focus on proactive management, which includes closer monitoring and strategies to stop problems before they happen. There are other options besides preventive surgery if a mutation is found. Depending on their own condition and preferences, many people select enhanced screening, drugs that lower their risk, and changes to their lifestyle.

These tests are quite good at finding known genetic alterations, but they can't say for sure that someone has cancer. There is a chance that your kids could inherit a mutation, and genetic counseling can help you figure out if and when they should be tested.

Finally, regulations like the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) protect people from being discriminated against because of their genetic information. However, it is best to talk to a genetic counselor about the specifics of how these rights apply to you.

I hope this helps.

Please do not hesitate to get in touch with me.

I am always here to help.