What causes heavy bleeding and cramps after IUD insertion?

Question

Hello doctor,

My friend recently had an IUD placed for birth control, but she has been experiencing heavy bleeding, painful cramps, and irregular cycles since then. She is 29 years old and also has thyroid issues, which makes us wonder if her hormonal imbalance is worsening these side effects. Can thyroid disorders make IUD complications more severe? Is it normal for women to have irregular periods after IUD insertion, and how long do these effects typically last?

Does an IUD increase the risk of infections that could later affect fertility or the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF)? Can it cause worsening of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis? She is also worried about whether removing the IUD will restore her natural cycle immediately or if it will take time. Lastly, can an IUD be used safely by women who are breastfeeding or nearing menopause?

Kindly advise.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I understand your concern.

That is a major concern, and if the bleeding is very heavy, prolonged, or affecting her quality of life, she should see her gynecologist to check the intrauterine device (IUD) position and discuss whether switching to a different IUD is appropriate. Both copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs are safe for women who are breastfeeding or perimenopausal.

IUDs are safe to use while breastfeeding. They are also safe for women nearing menopause and may even help control heavy bleeding during this transition. In most cases, normal menstrual cycles resume quickly after IUD removal. Fertility usually returns immediately or within a couple of months.

Regarding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, an IUD does not cause these conditions. In fact, a hormonal IUD can sometimes help reduce pain and bleeding in women with endometriosis.

Be aware that the risk of infection is highest only in the first few weeks after insertion. Once that period has passed, the risk becomes very low. Modern IUDs do not cause infertility and do not reduce the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the future. Thyroid issues themselves do not directly worsen IUD side effects, but if poorly controlled, they can contribute to irregular or heavy menstrual cycles.

I hope you are satisfied with my answer. For further queries, you can consult me at iCliniq.

Thank you.