What is Murray-valley encephalitis and its effect on the human body?

Question

Hello doctor,

I have heard about Murray-valley encephalitis, and the news regarding this is scary. According to what I have read, it is spread by mosquitoes, which are abundant here. Can you please explain more about how this virus spreads and how mosquitoes specifically carry it? And what is this type of encephalitis, and how does it affect the body? Please give some preventive measures along with steps to recognize and manage initial infections.

Kindly help.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I just read your query. I can understand your concern.

I am happy to clear your doubts regarding the Murray Valley, encephalitis.

Here is the continuation of the information on Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE), preventive measures, and steps to recognize and manage initial infections.

Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) is a rare but potentially severe mosquito-borne viral infection that primarily affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the Murray Valley Encephalitis virus (MVEV), which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus is maintained in a cycle between mosquitoes and birds, with humans and other animals acting as incidental hosts. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds, which serve as the primary reservoir for the virus. The infected mosquitoes then transmit the virus to humans and other animals through their bites. The most common mosquito species responsible for transmitting MVE are Culex annulirostris and Culex gelidus.

MVE can cause a range of symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe neurological complications. The incubation period, or the time between the bite of an infected mosquito and the onset of symptoms, typically ranges from four to sixteen days. Early symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. In more severe cases, the infection can progress to encephalitis, which affects the brain and spinal cord, causing symptoms such as seizures, confusion, altered mental status, and even coma.

To minimize the risk of MVE infection, follow these precautionary measures:

1. Avoid mosquito bites: Use insect repellents containing DEET(N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin. Dress in long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks when outdoors, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.

2. Protect your home: Put screens on your doors and windows to keep mosquitoes out of your house. Get rid of any standing water around your property because mosquitoes like to breed there.

3. Stay informed: Monitor local news and health advisories for information on MVE outbreaks in your area. If you live near the Murray Valley National Park or other high-risk areas, be extra vigilant about mosquito bite prevention.

4. Vaccination: Currently, there is no vaccine available for MVE prevention. However, vaccines are available for some other mosquito-borne diseases, such as Japanese encephalitis, which may be considered for travelers to specific high-risk regions.

Take care

Thank you.

Regards.