Why are people without a spleen at higher infection risk?

Question

Hello doctor,

I hope you are well.

I am 40 years old and had my spleen removed six months ago following a traumatic injury. I was advised that I need a vaccination against pneumococcal disease, but I would appreciate some clarification. I have already received Prevnar 13.

Do I still need Pneumovax 23, and if so, what is the recommended timing?
How often are booster doses required?
Could you also please explain why individuals without a spleen are at higher risk for infections, and which other vaccines I should ensure are up to date?

Lastly, I would be grateful if you could outline the warning signs of serious infection that I should be particularly vigilant about.

Thank you very much for your guidance.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com

I hope your recovery is going well. Since your spleen was removed, your body is unable to defend itself against certain dangerous infections. The spleen filters microorganisms from the bloodstream and produces antibodies, notably against encapsulated species like pneumococcus. Without a spleen, illnesses can spread faster and become more severe in a shorter amount of time.

Since you have already received Prevnar 13 (PCV13), you will require Pneumovax 23. These vaccines defend against various strains of pneumococcal bacteria and work together to offer greater coverage. PPSV23 is normally given at least 8 weeks after PCV13, with a booster dose suggested every 5 years to maintain protection.

In addition to pneumococcal vaccination, you must be protected against meningococcal disease (MenACWY with boosters every 5 years, as part of the MenB series), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) if you have not previously received it (one-time dose), and influenza vaccine annually. Routine vaccines, such as COVID-19 and Tdap, should also be kept up to date.

Please be particularly alert for indicators of serious infection. A temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher, chills, sudden weakness, confusion, rapid heart rate, or flu-like symptoms should be treated as soon as possible, even if they appear minor at first. Infections in people who lack a spleen can progress swiftly.

Many patients are encouraged to carry medical identification that indicates asplenia, and others are given emergency antibiotics to take at the first sign of fever while seeking urgent care. The risk of serious infection can be considerably lowered via proper vaccination, knowledge, and timely treatment.

I hope this helps.

Thank you.

Why are people without a spleen at higher infection risk?

Without a spleen?