Bariatric surgery encompasses weight loss procedures for individuals with severe obesity who have not achieved lasting results through diet and exercise. Surgeons perform gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable banding to reduce stomach capacity and improve metabolic health.
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Candidates typically have a BMI of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or hypertension. A history of unsuccessful weight loss attempts through non-surgical methods is also considered.
The most common procedures are gastric sleeve (sleeve gastrectomy), which removes about 80% of the stomach; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, which creates a small stomach pouch and reroutes the intestine; and adjustable gastric banding, which places a band around the upper stomach.
Most patients lose 50 to 70 percent of their excess body weight within 12 to 18 months after surgery, depending on the procedure type, adherence to dietary guidelines, and regular physical activity.
Gastric banding is reversible by removing the band. Gastric sleeve is not reversible since a portion of the stomach is permanently removed. Gastric bypass is technically reversible but the reversal procedure is complex and rarely performed.
Post-surgery requirements include eating smaller meals, chewing food thoroughly, avoiding high-sugar and high-fat foods, taking daily vitamin and mineral supplements, staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and attending follow-up appointments with your surgical team.