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Questions & Answers

Q&A

Answered by Dr. Mona Kamal

What causes persistent PSA increase despite medication?

Hi, Welcome to icliniq.com. I read your query and can understand your concern. Lupron (Leuprolide acetate) is a synthetic hormone used to treat conditions like prostate cancer (a type of cancer that develops in the prostate, a small gland in men that produces semen), endometriosis (a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain), and uterine fibroids (non-cancerous tumors that form in the uterus). It is classified as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, which works by inhibiting the secretion of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone). By suppressing the release of these hormones, Lupron reduces the production of sex hormones like testosterone in men and estrogen in women.

June 23, 2026

What are the different treatment options for MS?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. Thanks for reaching out, and I understand your concerns completely. Elevated levels of neurofilament light chain, GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibodies may suggest ongoing neurological inflammation. These markers are often associated with active or relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) or other demyelinating conditions. You are currently on Rituximab; it would be a good idea to speak with your neurologist about whether a change in treatment is needed.

June 8, 2026

What are next steps for intermediate-risk prostate cancer?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. I read your query and can understand your concern. PSMA PET (prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography) is an advanced diagnostic tool used for detecting prostate cancer (a type of cancer that develops in the prostate, a small gland in men that produces seminal fluid). It works by identifying cellular changes in the prostate at an earlier stage compared to traditional imaging methods like MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). While it provides valuable information, in your case, since prostate cancer has already been diagnosed and scored, there is no immediate need for additional confirmatory tests.

May 29, 2026

How can breast cancer patients manage bone health?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. Thank you for posting your query. The symptoms may be due to rheumatoid arthritis. Hormonal therapy for breast cancer contributes to bone loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Tamoxifen, for example, blocks the effects of estrogen on breast cancer cells.

May 26, 2026

My wife has GERD, causing bloating and vomiting. What tests help?

Hi, Welcome to icliniq.com. I can understand your concern. Feeling full even after eating small meals can lead to nutritional deficiency. It is related to delayed stomach emptying. The possible causes are: 1.

May 21, 2026

What are the risks of switching to Mavenclad?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. I can understand your concern. Mavenclad (Cladribine) is a disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for active multiple sclerosis (MS), designed to slow disease progression and reduce relapse rates. By targeting destructive immune cells, it selectively accumulates inside these cells, programming them for cell death. This action helps reduce brain and spinal cord inflammation, thereby limiting damage.

May 5, 2026

How to manage breast cancer in a liver cirrhosis patient?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. I understand your concern. Cirrhosis is associated with increased levels of estrogen, which may be causally related to breast cancer. The best line of treatment for stage 1 breast cancer is: Surgery. Radiotherapy.

April 22, 2026

How long can my uncle, 60, survive with stage 3 lung cancer?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. I read your query and can understand your concern. Individuals with a weak immune system are particularly vulnerable to developing pneumonia. Around 50 to 70 percent of lung cancer patients experience pneumonia during their illness. Pneumonia is dangerous in cancer patients as it impairs gas exchange and can lead to systemic infections, respiratory failure, or sepsis.

March 11, 2026

What are side effects of breast cancer hormone therapy?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. I understand your concern. Breast cancer stage 2, ER-positive, is treated by breast-conserving surgery BCS (lumpectomy or partial or total mastectomy). Lymph nodes are checked by biopsy. This should be followed by hormonal therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence, so it helps people to live longer.

March 2, 2026

When is treatment recommended for rising PSA values?

Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. Active surveillance is indicated for a Gleason's score of 6 or lower, which denotes a slowly growing, non-progressing cancer. Within the first three years after diagnosis of Gleason 6 prostate cancer, there is a relatively low risk of grade progression. Active surveillance includes regular physical examination, PSA level measurement, and rebiopsy one year after diagnosis and every three years thereafter. Treatment is triggered by progression to Gleason 7 or higher, other evidence of progression such as PSA doubling time, or patient preference.

February 10, 2026

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