How can AATD patients protect their lungs and liver?

Question

Hello doctor,

I am 38 and recently had routine blood work that showed low alpha-1 antitrypsin levels. My doctor has ordered genetic testing, but I have never had major lung issues, just occasional shortness of breath when exercising. Could this indicate a mild form of AATD, or is it possible to have the deficiency without symptoms? Also, my dad developed early emphysema despite never smoking. Should my siblings and children be tested as well? Lastly, are there any lifestyle changes I should adopt now to help prevent lung or liver complications in the future?

Please advise.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I understand your concerns.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) can range from asymptomatic to mild or severe. Some people with low levels may never develop significant lung or liver disease. Since you have not experienced major lung issues aside from occasional shortness of breath, it is possible that you have a milder variant of AATD. However, AATD is not contagious; rather, it is a genetic condition. Since your father had it, there is a chance it could be inherited by your siblings. Genetic testing can help determine their risk.

To protect your lungs and liver, consider the following:

Avoid smoking.
Wear a mask in polluted environments or workplaces with dust or chemicals.
Engage in moderate exercise to maintain lung function, but avoid overexertion if it worsens symptoms.
Limit alcohol intake, as AATD can also lead to liver disease.
Maintain a healthy weight and a balanced diet to support liver function.
Stay up to date on vaccinations to prevent respiratory infections.

I hope this helps you.

Thank you.