Which tests help diagnose HIV?

Question

Hello doctor,

Recently, I have started experiencing symptoms that I am worried might be related to HIV, like fatigue, weight loss, and frequent infections. I want to get tested to know for sure. What tests should I ask for to confirm if I have HIV, and are there specific tests that can also check the impact on my immune system if I am positive? Also, how soon can I start treatment if the test is positive, and what options are available?

Kindly suggest.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I can understand your concern.

The human immunodeficiency virus antigen/antibody test is the most common test for detecting HIV, as it identifies both HIV antibodies and the p24 antigen, a part of the virus itself. This test typically detects HIV within 18 to 45 days after exposure. The HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) test, also known as the viral load test, can detect HIV sooner, sometimes as early as ten days post-exposure. If HIV is detected, a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count test assesses immune health by measuring CD4 cells, which HIV targets and destroys.

If a test confirms HIV, treatment can start right away with antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves a daily combination of drugs that reduce the virus in the body, helping the immune system recover. ART medications include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), and entry inhibitors, each blocking HIV in different ways. Your treatment plan will depend on your health status, potential drug interactions, and any other conditions, with regular follow-ups to track progress.

I hope this helps.

Let me know if you have any other concerns.

Thank you.