How does measles spread and what is the risk?

Question

Hello doctor,

I have been hearing a lot of hype about measles. Someone with measles boarded a plane there recently, and it is causing quite a stir in public health circles. Is it that serious? I thought everyone gets vaccinated for measles in childhood. From what I remember, measles is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads through respiratory droplets. I am curious why there is so much concern if vaccination rates are high. Can measles still pose a significant threat? Should people traveling through the airport be worried? And what about those of us who were vaccinated in childhood, are we still at risk?

Please help.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

The concern about measles highlights several important public health issues. Measles is indeed a highly contagious viral infection. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain viable on surfaces and in the air for up to two hours after an infected person has left an area. Measles typically begins with a high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes, followed by a characteristic rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.

Airports are hubs for international travel, increasing the risk of spreading measles to new areas. An infected person at an airport can potentially expose thousands of people from different parts of the world. Not everyone who travels through an airport is vaccinated. This includes infants too young to be vaccinated, people with medical conditions that prevent vaccination, and those who are unvaccinated by choice. Measles can cause serious complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals.

Complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. If you have been vaccinated with the MMR vaccine, especially if you have received both doses, your risk of contracting measles is very low. The vaccine provides strong protection. Generally, no booster shots are needed if you have received the full MMR vaccination series. However, if you are unsure of your vaccination status or if you are in a high-risk situation, checking your immunity with a blood test or getting a booster shot might be advisable.

Ensure you are up-to-date with your MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. If traveling with children, make sure they are vaccinated according to the recommended schedule. Follow updates from public health authorities regarding any new cases or advisories. The local health departments often guide outbreaks. Practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals, to reduce the risk of infection.

I hope this helps.

Thank you.