What causes PCOS/PMOS in teenagers and how is it treated?

Question

Hello doctor,

My teenage niece was recently diagnosed with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), now known as PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome). She has been struggling with irregular periods, acne, and unexplained weight gain for quite a few years. I am trying to understand this condition better to support her.

What causes PCOS or PMOS, and are there any long-term health risks we should be aware of? Her doctor mentioned getting physically active, diet changes, and all, and possibly medication too, but I would like to know more about the other treatment options. What about fertility concerns–should she be worried about future difficulties conceiving?

Please help.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I read your query and can understand your concern.

PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), now known as PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome) is a syndrome consisting of a polycystic ovary, hormonal imbalance favoring more of a male hormone (therefore excessive male pattern hair growth, and lack of ovulation), insulin resistance leading to weight gain, and another psychological aspect of low self-esteem.

Management is aimed at reversing insulin resistance, as this is the underlying factor that results in most of the symptoms associated with the syndrome. This is why diet and exercise are at the forefront of its management. A low intake of high-complex carbohydrates and an increase in fruits and vegetables is advised. Also, aerobic exercise of at least 30 minutes would help to increase your body's sensitivity to insulin. Sometimes, medications are added if the weight becomes difficult to lose despite exercise. This is important as excessive weight gain might cause low self-esteem for her.

Once this is controlled, most of the symptoms will gradually regress, and her period will become regular. The cause of PCOS or PMOS is mainly genetic, and it is seen among first-degree relatives. The major long-term risk is the increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer, and infertility. However, with better management and control, these long-term complications are significantly reduced.

Despite PCOS or PMOS causing infertility, it is the easiest infertility to manage, as when she is ready to get pregnant, she can be stimulated to ovulate (PCOS or PMOS causes a lack of ovulation). So, that should not be your problem now. Concentrate more on reducing her insulin resistance through dieting and exercise.

I hope I have answered your question.

Let me know if I can assist you further.

Regards.