How accurate is cancer genome testing?

Question

Hi doctor,

I recently lost my mom to breast cancer, and my aunt had ovarian cancer, too. I am 35 years old and just super anxious about my own risk. I read about cancer genome testing that checks for mutations like BRCA and others.

Is that something I should really do even if I feel fine right now?
How accurate are these tests?
If it says I have a mutation, does that mean I will definitely get cancer? Also, do they cover all cancer types or just a few?
If something shows up, what happens next?
Do I have to get preventive surgery or just regular screenings?

Please guide.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I read your query and understand your concern.

I am really sorry to hear about your mother’s passing from breast cancer and also about your aunt’s ovarian cancer.

I completely understand how worried and scared you must feel right now, especially after losing someone to cancer and thinking it could happen again.

Regarding your question about the genetic test, the BRCA (breast cancer gene) test is definitely recommended at this stage. Because your mother passed away from cancer and your aunt also had cancer, there might be a family risk.

It checks your DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to see if there is a mutation in the BRCA gene that increases the risk of breast or ovarian cancer.

If the test result is positive, it does not mean you will definitely get cancer. It just means your risk is about 50 % so we will need closer and more regular follow-ups.

If the result is negative, it means you are just like anyone else, no genetic mutation found. If the test comes back positive, there are several things we can do:

We can do a mammogram or breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) every six months, or at least once a year.
Some women take Tamoxifen, a hormonal treatment used as a preventive measure.
Others choose to undergo preventive surgeries, such as removing the breasts or ovaries, to reduce the risk.

Of course, these decisions depend on your personal situation. I understand you are about 35 years old, but I am unsure if you have children.

If you already have children, that is great. We can start preventive steps without worries. If not, then the plan might be different. I really hope my answer is clear to you.

I strongly recommend doing the BRCA test, as it can make a big difference for you.

I hope this answers your query.

Feel free to reach out anytime.

Thank you.