Can corpus luteum cysts occur in non-pregnant women?

Hello doctor,

I was researching corpus luteum (CL) cysts and had a few questions. I would be grateful if you could answer a few questions. I realize that CL cysts are commonly connected with pregnant women, but all of my inquiries are from a non-pregnant woman's perspective since that is where things become a lot more complicated.

1) Many reputable and reliable medical papers have discussed pregnancy tests for diagnosing a corpus luteum cyst, and they have indicated that a corpus luteum cyst can generate a false positive pregnancy test. Is this true?

2) Do these papers employ pregnancy tests to diagnose CL cyst because it is commonly related to pregnancy? If that is the case, they cannot call it a false positive pregnancy test, can they? How would a non-pregnant woman be diagnosed with a CL cyst? Why is it in the diagnostic if it does not apply to non-pregnant women? Or does the CL cyst create Beta-Hcg? When I asked a couple of doctors if CL cysts produce Hcg, they responded yes, but only to a limited extent.

3) I tried searching the internet and reading as many studies as I could. I only found case reports of hemorrhagic or burst CL cysts without evidence of HCG.

4) I have one major question: can the corpus luteum cyst create Beta-Hcg? If the answer is yes, please attach any relevant material or research.