How to cure tuberculosis effectively?

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is well adapted to establish infection, persist in the face of the host immune response, and be transmitted to uninfected individuals. Its ability to complete this infection cycle depends on its ability to both evade and take advantage of host immune responses.

The outcome of M. tuberculosis infection is often a state of equilibrium characterized by immunological control and bacterial persistence. Recent data have highlighted the diverse cell populations that respond to M. tuberculosis infection and the dynamic changes in the cellular and intracellular niches of M. tuberculosis during infection. M. tuberculosis possesses an arsenal of protein and lipid effectors that influence macrophage functions and inflammatory response.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted by aerosol from an individual with active pulmonary infection. The first cells infected are alveolar macrophages. After infected alveolar macrophages migrate into the lung interstitium, the bacilli infect a variety of monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Whether the innate immune response clears infection in some individuals is not clear.

Dendritic cells travel to the draining lymph node, where antigen-specific T cells are primed. T cells return to the site of infection and are crucial to establish control and prevent dissemination. With an effective adaptive immune response, most infected individuals develop latent infection, a spectrum of outcomes ranging from sterilized infection to subclinical disease.

Symptoms include:

1. Cough.

2. Weight loss.

3. Fever.

4. Night sweats.

5. Hemoptysis.

6. Chest pain.

7. Fatigue.

Diagnosis:

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture using sputum obtained from the patient. The absence of a positive smear result does not exclude active TB (tuberculosis) infection. AFB culture is the most specific test for TB.

Empiric therapy includes:

1. Isoniazid (antibiotic).

2. Rifampin (antibiotic).

3. Pyrazinamide (antibiotic).

4. Ethambutol (antibiotic).

Also, taking a high-protein diet helps with better healing and better immunity development.

Kindly consult a specialist, talk with them, and take medications with their consent.

Hope it helps.

Thank you.