Why are viruses non-viable outside a host cell?

Question

Hi doctor,

What causes a virus removed from a host to become non-viable? For example, the Hepatitis B virus has a threshold of approximately seven days. Details would be greatly appreciated, like whether it is due to RNA (ribonucleic acid) or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) denaturing, or breakdown in internal mechanisms, etc.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I understand your concern.

Hosts have two types of immunity against all types of organisms: natural and acquired immunity. Natural immunity is the immunity present from birth, like NK (natural killer) cells, T cells, the complement system, etc. Acquired or adaptive immunity develops after antigen exposure of the host, like B-cell-mediated immunity. Macrophages and neutrophils kill any organism that enters the blood circulation through a mechanism called phagocytosis, in which cells engulf the microorganism and destroy it with the help of enzymes like acid hydrolase.

B cells kill organisms through antibody production and opsonization. Hepatitis B is a virus acquired through sexual routes and through parenteral transmission. After exposure to the Hepatitis B virus, the body can effectively remove it from the body. So among all exposed patients of Hepatitis B, not all might become carriers. If HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) is positive for more than six months, then it is called a carrier. Hepatitis B is a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) virus. To maintain immunity, consume adequate fruits, water, and green leafy vegetables.

I hope this information will help you.

Please revert in case of further queries.

Thank you.