Organic Mental Disorder - Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Creator: Dr. Mahalakshmi. A. U
Published: 2023-01-18T19:08:10

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An organic mental disorder is an illness of cognitive function whose cause is of organic origin, not a psyche. The article addresses the condition in detail.

Written by

Dr. Mahalakshmi. A. U

Medically reviewed by

Dr. Abhishek Juneja

January 18, 2023

May 25, 2023

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Contents

What Is an Organic Mental Disorder?
What Are the Types of Organic Mental Disorders?
What Causes an Organic Mental Disorder?
What Includes the Symptoms of Organic Mental Disorder?
How Is an Organic Mental Disorder Diagnosed?
How Is Organic Mental Disorder Treated?

Introduction

Psycho-related disorders differ from organic mental disorders on a cause-based classification. Initially, the term was introduced to discrete the physical or organic causes of mental illness from psychological disorders. But, the divergence is drawn after the years as it did not meet the needs of brain science. However, like psychiatric disorders, the dysfunction of the brain resulting in altered behavior is noticed; only the causative factors make such a contrast.

What Is an Organic Mental Disorder?

Organic mental disorder or syndrome, also known as an organic brain disorder, is an impairment in one’s cognitive or mental functioning of the brain. It is referred for organic as the attributable causes are purely organic such as brain injury, neurological impairment, surgery, and trauma. Addressing the causes, organic mental disorder invariably excludes psychiatric illness and disorders. This condition occurs due to a sudden or gradual decrease in brain neurotransmitter function. Furthermore, Organic brain disorder is not a solitary condition; rather than portrays various types of disorders.

What Are the Types of Organic Mental Disorders?

The organic mental syndrome is chiefly categorized based on the onset into two kinds.

Acute confusion state or Delirium.
Chronic state or dementia.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders modulated the classification based on diagnosis into delirium, dementia, and amnestic.

Delirium

The recent onset of mental disturbances resulting in a confused mind and unawareness of environmental circumstances is known as delirium. Delirium is an apt distinct medical term for the acute onset of an organic mental disorder. Delirium influences one thinking, memory, perception, cognition, and sleep cycles. This condition occurs abruptly and could last for a short span with complete remission. However, infection, surgery, alcohol or drug abuse, medication overdose, and intoxication give rise to delirium.

Dementia

Dementia is a chronic form of organic brain disorder. Dementia is a massive condition exhibiting symptoms such as impairment in cognitive function, memory, and comprehension. These disturbed abilities could significantly interfere with daily activities and socializing. As it is a long-term illness, the causative factors for permanent brain damage include chronic drug or alcohol abuse, persistent stroke, and Alzheimer's disease.

Amnestic

A gray zone between acute delirium and chronic dementia is amnestic. The amnestic syndrome is appropriate to amnesia, in simple words, loss of memories. Here, the patient seems unable to recall the facts and experiences. This condition incorporates not just organic factors but non-organic elements like sleep deprivation, stress, and aging.

What Causes an Organic Mental Disorder?

There is no sole cause of the organic mental syndrome; instead, there exist a variety of reasons that affects brain cells and result in the degenerative function of the brain. The subsequent factors are the causes of organic mental disorders.

Exposure to a toxin.
Exposure to chemical substances.
Aging.
Alcohol or drugs.
Brain infections.
Neurological disability.
Metabolic disorders in the liver or kidney.
Nutrition deficiency.
Reduced oxygen in the blood.
Elevate carbon-di-oxide levels in the body.
Underlying personality or behavioral disorders.

Brain Injury

Bleeding in the brain.
Bleeding around the brain.
Blood clot in any region of the skull.
Concussion, a violent tremble of the head.

Cardiac-Related Conditions

Stroke.
Transient ischaemic attack.
Bacteria or viruses cause heart infections.

Degenerative Conditions

Alzheimer's disease.
Parkinson’s syndrome.
Multiple sclerosis.
Huntington’s disease.

What Includes the Symptoms of Organic Mental Disorder?

The symptoms of the organic mental disorder depend on its type and cause. Notably, organic syndromes of delirium and dementia display discrete signs from the amnestic state. Hence, if delirium and dementia are left undiagnosed and untreated, they could lead to delusions, hallucinations, and amnesia. Nevertheless, below are the typical and early-felt symptoms.

Confusion.
Agitation.
Loss of memory and judgment.
Disablement in one’s intellectual thoughts.
Irritability.
Anxiety.
Fear.
Visual problems.
Impairment in motor movements.
Impairment of concentration.
Switched behavior.
Loss of logical thinking.

How Is an Organic Mental Disorder Diagnosed?

No such exact tool is available to diagnose organic mental disorders. However, the medical practitioner will take an evaluated history and clinical examination as misassumption of the syndrome with psychological or non-organic disorders may occur. And also assists with a few of the following assessment methods.

Certain blood tests.
A lumbar puncture, often known as a spinal tap, collects and examines the cerebrospinal fluid, CSF of the brain. CSF markers exhibit any basal infections like meningitis.
Electroencephalogram, EEG is a non-invasive approach to recording the brain's electrical activity. Here, the electrodes are just placed along the scalp.
Computerized Tomography, CT of the head.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI. These imaging techniques are to rule out the underlying pathology and infections.
Positron Emission Tomography, PET, reveals the brain's metabolic, biochemical, and physiological activities, including blood flow.

How Is Organic Mental Disorder Treated?

After the early identification, the management of organic mental syndrome aids based on the cause and underlying disorders. And the treatment varies from patient to patient, depending upon their symptoms.

Pharmacological medication to modify the impaired neurotransmitter function and infections.
Rehabilitation therapies are for recovering the altered functions of the brain and further amnesia, hallucination, and delusions. Rehabilitation intervention includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, and talk therapy. Physical therapy boosts motor movements, and occupational therapy guides the daily tasks functioning.
Finally, yet importantly, supportive care.

Prognosis

The prognosis seems good and favorable. Acute and short-term conditions are easily treatable with medication, rest, and therapies. For long-term illness, the management would extend with extra counseling and therapies. However, the prognosis is less favorable and needs more attention.

Conclusion

Early intervention is the key to an organic mental disorder. Once the impairment in thinking, memory, and behavior is perceivable, consult a doctor and address the issues. Identifying those at higher risk and ensuring they receive appropriate medication and therapies can prevent the debilitating illness.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are There Any Physical Conditions That Closely Resemble Mental Disorders?

Some physical conditions closely resemble mental disorders. For example, certain neurological disorders or hormonal imbalances can manifest with symptoms that mimic psychiatric conditions. Patients must differentiate between these physical conditions and true mental illnesses, as the treatment approaches may vary significantly. Accurately diagnosing such conditions is crucial to providing appropriate and effective care to individuals experiencing these symptoms.

2. Should We Distinguish Between Mental Illnesses and Physical Disorders?

Yes, it is essential to differentiate between mental illnesses and physical disorders. While mental illnesses primarily involve disturbances in thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, physical disorders involve abnormalities in bodily structures or functions. Distinguishing between the two is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. Mental illnesses often require psychological interventions, therapy, and medication, whereas physical disorders may require medical interventions, surgical procedures, or other specific treatments for the underlying physical cause.

3. Why Does My Condition of Organic Personality Disorder Significantly Impact My Mental Well-Being?

Organic personality disorder can significantly impact mental health because it disrupts the individual's fundamental personality structure, which affects their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Unlike other mental disorders, which may primarily arise from psychological or environmental factors, organic personality disorder is rooted in physiological or organic changes in the brain. These organic changes can disrupt the individual's cognitive and emotional functioning, leading to difficulties in coping with daily life, maintaining relationships, and overall mental well-being. Proper diagnosis and targeted treatment approaches are essential in managing the impact of organic personality disorder on mental health.

4. What Are the Distinctions Between Organic and Functional Mental Disorders?

Organic mental disorders and functional mental disorders are two distinct categories. Underlying physical or physiological conditions, such as brain injuries, infections, or metabolic imbalances, cause organic mental disorders. In contrast, functional mental disorders do not have an identifiable organic cause and are primarily attributed to psychological or behavioral factors. The distinction between these disorders and organic disorders has a clear physiological basis, while functional disorders are more related to psychological and emotional processes. Accurate diagnosis is crucial as it guides appropriate treatment strategies for each category.

5. Is Dementia Considered an Organic Mental Disorder?

Yes, dementia is considered an organic mental disorder. It is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory due to damage or dysfunction in the brain. The most commonly seen cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, but it can also result from other conditions such as vascular disease or Parkinson's disease. Unlike functional mental disorders, which are primarily influenced by psychological factors, dementia has a clear organic basis with observable structural or biochemical changes in the brain. Proper diagnosis and management of dementia are essential for providing appropriate care and support to individuals affected by this condition.

6. Is Schizophrenia Classified as an Organic Mental Disorder?

Yes, schizophrenia is classified as an organic mental disorder. It is a chronic psychiatric condition characterized by thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior disturbances. Although the precise etiology of schizophrenia is not entirely comprehended, scientific investigations indicate that its development involves the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Neuroimaging research has revealed deviations in brain structure and function among individuals affected by schizophrenia, providing evidence of an underlying organic foundation for the disorder. To address symptoms and enhance overall functionality, treatment for schizophrenia typically incorporates a combination of medication, therapy, and supportive interventions.

7. Is Bipolar Disorder Categorized as an Organic Mental Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is generally not classified as an organic mental disorder. It is a mood disorder distinguished by significant mood fluctuations, encompassing manic and depressive episodes. Although the precise cause of bipolar disorder remains elusive, it is believed to be influenced by genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. While bipolar disorder involves disturbances in brain function and neurotransmitter imbalances, it is primarily considered a psychiatric condition rather than an organic disorder caused by structural or physiological changes in the brain. A combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments does treatment for bipolar disorder.

8. Is a Stroke Considered an Organic Mental Disorder?

No, a stroke is not considered an organic mental disorder. It occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, leading to damage to brain tissue. While a stroke can have cognitive and emotional effects, it is primarily a neurological condition rather than a mental disorder. The cognitive changes that can occur after a stroke are typically referred to as Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI) and are a consequence of the brain injury caused by the stroke. Treatment and rehabilitation following a stroke often involve various therapies and interventions to address physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges.

9. Can Organic Mental Disorder Be Considered a Medical Condition?

Yes, an organic mental disorder can be considered a medical condition. Organic mental disorders are caused by underlying physical or physiological conditions that affect the structure or functioning of the brain. These conditions can include brain injuries, infections, metabolic disorders, or other medical conditions directly impacting brain health. Recognizing organic mental disorders as medical conditions is important because they require medical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Proper medical management and psychological and supportive interventions can help individuals with organic mental disorders achieve improved outcomes and quality of life.

10. Do Brain Tumors Fall Under the Category of Organic Mental Disorders?

Brain tumors are typically not classified as organic mental disorders. A brain tumor is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal cell growth of cells within the brain. While brain tumors can impact mental health and cognitive function, they are primarily considered neurological conditions rather than mental disorders. The symptoms and effects of brain tumors can vary based on location, size, and type. Treatment for brain tumors typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, along with supportive care to manage any associated cognitive or emotional changes.

11. What Is Meant by Non-Organic Mental Disorder?

Non-organic mental disorder is a condition where psychological or behavioral factors contribute significantly to the development and manifestation of the disorder. Unlike organic mental disorders, which have an identifiable physiological or organic cause, non-organic mental disorders are primarily influenced by psychological, social, or environmental factors. These disorders may arise due to emotional distress, traumatic experiences, maladaptive coping mechanisms, or other psychological factors. Diagnosis and treatment of non-organic mental disorders often involve psychological evaluations, therapy, and interventions to address the underlying psychological factors contributing to the disorder.

12. How Do Organic and Functional Mental Disorders Differ From Each Other?

Organic mental disorders have a clear physiological or organic cause, such as brain injuries, infections, or metabolic imbalances. On the other hand, functional mental disorders do not have an identifiable organic cause and are primarily attributed to psychological or behavioral factors. The main difference between the two is in the disorder's underlying cause. While organic mental disorders stem from physiological disruptions, functional mental disorders are more closely linked to psychological and emotional processes. Accurate diagnosis is essential in distinguishing between these two categories, as it guides appropriate treatment approaches for each.

13. What Is the Most Effective Treatment for Mental Disorders?

The best treatment for mental disorders varies. It often involves a combination of approaches tailored to the individual's symptoms and circumstances. Treatment options may include psychotherapy, medication, lifestyle modifications, support groups, and self-help strategies. The most effective treatment is usually determined through a combined effort between the individual and their healthcare professionals, considering factors such as the severity of symptoms, personal preferences, and potential side effects of interventions. Regular monitoring and adjustments to the treatment plan may be necessary to ensure optimal outcomes.

14. Is Dementia Classified as an Organic Mental Disorder?

Yes, dementia is considered an organic mental disorder. It has features of decline in cognitive abilities, memory loss, and impairment in daily functioning. Dementia is primarily caused by underlying organic changes in the brain, including accumulating abnormal proteins or damage to brain cells. It is crucial to differentiate dementia from other non-organic mental disorders to provide appropriate care and support to individuals affected by this condition. Diagnosis and management of dementia typically involve a combination of medication, cognitive interventions, support for caregivers, and lifestyle modifications.

15. Is Schizophrenia Considered an Organic Mental Disorder?

Yes, schizophrenia is considered an organic mental disorder. It is a chronic psychiatric condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behavior. Although the precise origins of schizophrenia remain unclear, studies indicate that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in its onset. Neuroimaging research has revealed irregularities in brain structure and function among individuals with schizophrenia, supporting the notion of an organic foundation for the disorder. Managing symptoms and enhancing overall functioning typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support as part of schizophrenia treatment.

Sources

Dr. Abhishek Juneja

Neurology

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