Introduction:
The word ''osis'' means degeneration. So, cervical spondylosis is the degeneration of the cervical (neck) spine that usually involves the lower cervical spine. Disc degeneration occurs with the loss of mucopolysaccharide and proportionately the water content of the collagen fibers. The disc height is decreased and gradually converted to a fibrous mass. As a result, the mobility of the spine decreases. The energy attenuation capacity of the disc reduces. So, the vertebral body will be subjected to a greater load. Compensationatory bony proliferation occurs with marginal osteophyte formation. It continues to IV foramen stenosis and compression of the nerve root at the exit and may give rise to radiculopathy. Degeneration is a slow process during which the nerve root may accommodate within the stenosis foramen without giving rise to any symptoms. A variety of symptoms, such as myelopathy, radiculopathy, and mechanical neck discomfort, might be present in individuals and are named multilevel Cervical Spondylosis.
What Could Be the Causes?
Cervical spondylosis, also known as neck arthritis, is typically caused by age-related changes in the spine, such as degeneration of the discs and vertebrae.
Other factors that can contribute include neck injuries, repetitive neck movements, poor posture, genetic factors, and smoking.
Injury, overactivity, and doing unaccustomed activities may result in nerve root injury, inflammation, impairment of the circulation, ischemia, and onset of radicular pain (the pain will radiate to hands and palms, a tingling type of pain).
What Are the Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis?
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Symptoms can vary, such as an insidious onset of neck pain with or without radiating down to the hand, palm, and scapular region.
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The onset of symptoms with some known trauma, where the pain is reproduced or worsened with neck movement, and relief is obtained with rest.
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Symptoms of cervical spondylosis can vary but often include neck pain and stiffness, which may radiate to the shoulders and arms.
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Other symptoms can include headaches, numbness or tingling in the arms or hands, weakness in the muscles of the arms or hands, and difficulty with balance or coordination.
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In severe cases, cervical spondylosis can lead to difficulty walking or problems with bladder or bowel control.
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Posture - often occurs in head forward posture. Cervical kyphosis or flattening of the cervical spine may be present.
What Contributes to Cervical Spondylosis?
Several factors can increase the risk of developing cervical spondylosis, including:
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Aging: As people age, the discs in the spine degenerate, and bone spurs may develop, increasing the likelihood of cervical spondylosis.
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Occupation: Work that involves repetitive neck movements, heavy lifting, or prolonged sitting can increase the risk.
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Genetics: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing cervical spondylosis.
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Poor Posture: Maintaining poor posture, such as slouching or hunching over electronic devices, can contribute to the condition.
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Neck Injuries: Previous neck injuries, such as whiplash from car accidents or sports-related trauma, can increase the risk.
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Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of cervical spondylosis and can aggravate the symptoms.
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Other Health Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and spinal infections, can also predispose individuals to cervical spondylosis.
How the Condition Is Managed?
The management of cervical spondylosis typically involves a combination of treatments aimed at relieving symptoms, improving function, and preventing the progression of the condition. Here are some common management strategies:
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Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and inflammation. In some cases, muscle relaxants or corticosteroids may be prescribed if the symptoms are severe.
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Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can give an exercise program to improve flexibility, strength, and posture, as well as provide techniques for pain relief and neck stabilization.
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Activities: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms, such as repetitive neck movements or heavy lifting, can help prevent further strain on the neck.
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Heat and Cold Therapy: Applying heat or cold packs to the affected area can help to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
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Neck Braces or Collars: In some cases, wearing a neck brace or collar for short periods can provide support and relieve pressure from the spine.
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Surgery: Surgery is usually considered only when conservative treatments fail to provide relief or if there is significant nerve compression causing weakness or loss of function. Surgical options may include discectomy, fusion, or artificial disc replacement.
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Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining good posture, practicing ergonomic techniques at work, and incorporating regular exercise in the routine can help manage symptoms and prevent deterioration of the spine.
Physiotherapy Management:
Physiotherapy aims to restore movement and reduce pain. The steps include:
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Correct the posture.
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Strengthen the neck muscles.
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Relax the muscles around the neck.
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Stretch the tight structure.
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Avoid using a high pillow and soft mattress.
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Give the part maximum rest.
What Are the Ways to Prevent Cervical Spondylosis?
Cervical Spondylosis cannot be prevented but it can be delayed by following certain steps:
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Maintain Good Posture: Practice proper posture while sitting, standing, and sleeping to reduce strain on the neck and spine.
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Taking Breaks: If doing work involving repetitive movements or prolonged sitting, practice stretches and take breaks to relax the muscles.
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Use Ergonomic Equipment: Use ergonomic chairs, desks, and computer accessories to support good posture and reduce strain on the neck and spine
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Stay Active: Engage in regular exercise to strengthen the muscles supporting the neck and spine, improve flexibility, and maintain a healthy weight.
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Quit Smoking: Smoking can accelerate disc degeneration and increase the risk of cervical spondylosis, so quitting smoking can help reduce the risk.
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Practice Stress Management: Stress can contribute to muscle tension and exaggerate neck pain, so practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga may be beneficial.
Conclusion:
Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative disease where the discs are compressed. This is common with aging, and sometimes, the symptoms are not present. If the pain or stiffness prolongs, take medical advice to alleviate the symptoms. Over-the-counter drugs do not help in treating the condition. It requires medication along with exercises, following ergonomics at the workplace, and being mindful of neck movements. Stay healthy and stay fit. Exercise daily. Exercise is the key to healthy living. Say goodbye to drugs.
