How is Crohn’s disease different from IBS?

Question

Hello doctor,

I am a 29-year-old female and have had stomach pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, and extreme fatigue for several months. My doctor thinks I might have Crohn’s disease, as they saw inflammation in my small intestine in imaging tests. Can you break it down for us, in layman’s terms, as to how Crohn’s disease is different from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or plain acidity issues? I am concerned about possible long-term complications, like nutrient deficiencies, and whether this could affect my chances of having a healthy pregnancy in the future.

Are biologic medications safe for women in their 20s to take if they have Crohn’s disease?
Is it a good idea to get a second opinion from a doctor who specialises in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) before I begin treatment?

Kindly help.

Answer 1

Hello,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I hear your concern, and it’s completely understandable. Living with chronic stomach pain, diarrhoea and fatigue is exhausting, and the uncertainty as to the cause can bring a lot of anxiety.

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory condition that develops when the immune system attacks parts of the digestive tract, leading to swelling, ulcers and gradual damage.

Crohn’s can damage the intestinal lining and may result in complications such as strictures, fistulas, or poor nutrient absorption, unlike irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which involves changes in bowel habits and discomfort without visible inflammation or tissue injury, or simple acidity and indigestion.

This could account for the weight loss and tiredness, as the body may not be absorbing sufficient vitamins, iron or protein. Crohn’s can cause anaemia, vitamin deficiencies and sometimes surgery if not properly controlled, but many people live full, active lives with today's treatment options.

Biologics are drugs that target specific parts of the immune system. They are generally safe for young adults and are often used safely before and during pregnancy.

Crohn’s can be complex and requires medication management, monitoring, and nutritional support. A second opinion from an IBD specialist before starting biologics can help provide peace of mind and allow for your treatment to be personalised to your specific needs.

You are asking questions and planning for your long-term health and fertility, which is the right step. Early and specific treatment can help control inflammation, prevent complications, and help you regain your strength and sense of well-being.

I hope this addresses your concerns.

Thanks and regards.