Can HIV be transmitted to the baby through the placenta?

Question

Hi doctor,

My partner is 30 years old and is HIV-positive. I gave birth to my first baby three years ago, and both the baby and I tested negative for HIV. My partner is currently undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART).

I am now 40 days pregnant and recently tested negative for HIV using a standard HIV test. However, a friend of mine suggested that if the baby is connected to the mother's placenta, there is a risk of HIV transmission to the baby. She advised me to consider terminating the pregnancy. My primary concern is whether HIV can be transmitted to the baby through the placenta.

Is it possible for me to give birth to a healthy baby without any HIV infection?

Please provide guidance.

Thank you.

Answer 1

Hi,

Welcome to icliniq.com.

I have read your query and can understand your concern.

The placenta serves as a bridge between you and your baby, providing all the necessary nutrients. While some viruses and bacteria, including HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), can cross the placenta, transmission requires the mother to be HIV-positive.

A mother with HIV can transmit the virus to her baby through the placenta, during childbirth, or through breastfeeding. However, if you are HIV-negative, you cannot transmit the virus to your baby. Simply put, you cannot pass on something you do not have. It is important to note that some individuals may contract HIV during pregnancy. To prevent this, always use protection (such as condoms) during intercourse, even if your partner is on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Ensure that your partner’s viral load remains undetectable. Additionally, even though you are HIV-negative, it is recommended to continue testing at regular intervals during your pregnancy. Your partner’s adherence to ART and having an undetectable viral load significantly reduces the risk of HIV transmission to you or your baby. There is no need to consider terminating the pregnancy based on this concern. For added precaution, inform your obstetrician about your situation and have your baby tested after birth.

I hope I have cleared all your doubts.

Thank you.