What is autism spectrum disorder?

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests in early childhood and is characterized by qualitative abnormalities in social interactions, markedly aberrant communication skills, and restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities (RRBs).ASD is the broad current designation for a group of conditions with deficits in social interaction and communication and RRBs. ASD includes a variety of disorders that fit two broad classes: (1) genetic disorders with features of ASD including fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis, and (2) idiopathic with unknown causes. Idiopathic forms of ASD have been called a variety of terms over the years, including autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and Asperger syndrome. Further information about the subtypes can be located in the articles for each condition.

"Pervasive developmental disorder" has been used to describe disorders including ASD and conditions with some traits characteristic of autism. Asperger syndrome refers to high-functioning individuals with ASD; these are people who have normal or superior intellectual abilities. People with Asperger syndrome may lack the communication abnormalities characteristic of ASD.

Individuals with the genetic disorders associated with ASD may or may not manifest the symptoms and signs of ASD. The development of techniques to help people with ASD attain favorable educational and occupational outcomes in community settings provides opportunities for the successful lives of people with ASD and their families.

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