Ammonium Lactate Cream: Benefits, Usage, and Skin Care

Overview:

Ammonium lactate cream is a dermatological product approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in 2004. It has gained recognition for its effectiveness in addressing various skin conditions characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness. This topical cream is formulated by combining two key components: Ammonium lactate and a moisturizing base. The resulting formulation provides a dual-action approach to skincare, offering both exfoliation and hydration benefits. This article will delve into the world of skincare science and uncover the benefits, uses, and precautions surrounding Ammonium lactate cream. This remedy brings comfort and confidence back to the skin.

Drug Group:

Ammonium lactate is a topical emollient and a moisturizer. Ammonium lactate belongs to a category of drugs known as alpha-hydroxy acids.

Available Doses and Dosage Forms:

Ammonium lactate cream is available in various doses and dosage forms. The specific doses and forms may vary depending on the brand and manufacturer. However, common strengths and dosage forms include

Doses:

• 12 Percent Ammonium Lactate Cream: This is a commonly used concentration that balances exfoliation and moisturization.

Dosage Forms:

• Cream: Ammonium lactate cream is typically available in a cream formulation that is applied topically to the skin. The formulation of the cream is intended for effortless absorption and gentle application to the areas requiring treatment.

For Patients:

What Is Dry Skin?

Dry skin is a prevalent dermatological condition distinguished by insufficient moisture within the skin's outermost layer. This can result in skin that feels rough, and tight and may appear flaky or scaly. Various elements, including environmental influences, can contribute to the development of dry skin, like cold weather or low humidity, excessive bathing with hot water, certain medical conditions, and even genetic predisposition.

Various types of dry skin include the following:

• Ichthyosis: Ichthyosis comprises a collection of hereditary skin disorders that lead to extremely dry, thickened, and scaly skin. The condition is derived from the Greek word "ichthys," which means fish, as the skin may resemble fish scales. The severity of ichthyosis can vary widely, from mild cases that primarily affect specific areas of the body to more severe forms that cover more significant portions of the skin.

• Xerosis: Xerosis is a clinical term employed to signify abnormally dry skin. This can arise from insufficient natural oils and moisture in the skin. Xerosis often results in itching, discomfort, and a dull appearance of the skin. It is common, particularly during colder months when low humidity levels can exacerbate dryness.

• Keratosis Pilaris: Keratosis pilaris manifests as a skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin's surface. These bumps are often white or flesh-colored and resemble the texture of "goosebumps" or sandpaper. Keratosis pilaris most commonly appears on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks. This arises from keratin (a skin protein) accumulation around hair follicles.

How Does Ammonium Lactate Cream Work?

• Ammonium lactate cream operates by combining the effects of its two primary components, Ammonium hydroxide and lactic acid.

• Lactic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), gently exfoliates the outer layer of the skin, promoting the removal of dead skin cells. This exfoliation encourages a smoother skin texture and can be particularly beneficial for conditions like keratosis pilaris or rough, scaly skin.

• On the other hand, Ammonium hydroxide helps neutralize lactic acid's acidity, making it more tolerable for the skin. This combination of exfoliation and neutralization aids in reducing skin dryness and irritation that might otherwise arise from using AHAs alone.

• Furthermore, the moisturizing base in the cream helps to counteract any potential dryness caused by exfoliation. The cream contributes to overall skin health and comfort by maintaining the skin's natural moisture balance.

• Ammonium lactate cream works synergistically to exfoliate, moisturize, and improve the skin's texture, making it a valuable asset in addressing various skin concerns associated with dryness, roughness, and scaling.

What Is the Dosage of Ammonium Lactate Cream?

Ammonium lactate cream in concentrations of 12 percent.

How Effective Is Ammonium Lactate Cream?

Ammonium lactate cream can address various skin concerns, particularly dryness, roughness, and scaling. Its effectiveness depends on the specific condition being treated and how well the cream's properties match the needs of the individual's skin.

What Are the Things to Inform the Doctor Before Using Ammonium Lactate Cream?

• Before using Ammonium lactate, inform the doctor and pharmacist about any allergies one has, whether to Ammonium lactate, other medications, or any ingredients in the cream or lotion. Request a list of the elements from the pharmacist to know about the allergic element.

• Inform the doctor and pharmacist about any prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, dietary supplements, and herbal products one is planning to take. The doctor might need to adjust medication doses or closely monitor for potential side effects.

• Inform the doctor if one is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. If one is pregnant while using Ammonium lactate, contact the doctor promptly.

• To prevent unnecessary or prolonged exposure of the affected skin area to natural or artificial sunlight and to safeguard the skin, consider wearing protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Ammonium lactate could increase sensitivity to sunlight in the treated area.

How Is Ammonium Lactate Cream Administered?

Ammonium lactate cream is administered topically and is applied directly to the skin. It should be administered by following the below-mentioned steps:

1. Cleanse the Skin: Ensure the skin is clean and dry before applying the cream. One can softly cleanse the impacted area using mild soap and water, followed by a gentle patting to dry.

2. Apply a Thin Layer: Squeeze a small amount of Ammonium lactate cream onto the fingertips. Using a thin layer and not applying too much cream is essential. Start by applying a small amount evenly over the affected area. One can gently massage it into the skin using circular motions.

3. Avoid Sensitive Areas: Avoid applying the cream to sensitive areas such as the eyes, mouth, and mucous membranes.

4. Wash Hands: After applying the cream, wash the hands thoroughly to remove any residue.

5. Frequency: Follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider or the product label regarding the frequency of application. Typically, Ammonium lactate cream is applied once or twice daily.

6. Sun Protection: Given that Ammonium lactate has the potential to heighten skin sensitivity to sunlight, it is recommended to employ sunscreen. And protective clothing if the treated area is exposed to sunlight. This can help prevent sunburn and irritation.

What Are the Side Effects of Ammonium Lactate Cream?

The utilization of topical Ammonium lactate might result in side effects. Should any of these symptoms persist or prove to be bothersome, inform the doctor:

• Sensation of stinging (particularly on cracked or broken skin).

• Skin redness, burning, or itching.

• Skin irritation (particularly on the face).

• Skin peeling.

• Rash.

• Dry skin.

Dietary Considerations:

None, Unless instructed otherwise by the doctor.

Missed Dose:

If a dose of Ammonium lactate cream is missed, simply apply it as soon as it is remembered. However, if it is time for the next scheduled dose, it is recommended to forego the missed dose and continue with the usual dosing routine. Refrain from doubling the amount to compensate for the missed one.

Overdose:

When administered orally to rats and mice, Lac-hydrin demonstrated a high degree of safety, with the drug exhibiting minimal toxicity of median lethal dose of the substance greater than 15 milliliters per kilogram of body weight.

Storage:

Ammonium lactate cream is offered in packages containing 280 grams (two to 140 grams plastic tubes) and a 385 grams plastic bottle. Keep at a controlled room temperature of 15 to 30 degrees Celsius (59 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit).

For Doctors:

Indication:

Ammonium lactate cream, 12 percent, is prescribed to address xerosis (dry, scaly skin) and ichthyosis vulgaris and to provide temporary relief from the itching linked to these conditions.

Dose:

For most common skin conditions like dry, scaly skin (xerosis), ichthyosis, and keratosis pilaris, a 12 percent concentration cream is often used.

Dosing Considerations:

A few dosing considerations are listed below:

1. Skin Condition: Different skin conditions require different levels of treatment. For example, a more severe case of xerosis (dry skin) might necessitate more frequent application than a milder one.

2. Concentration: Different concentrations of Ammonium lactate cream are available (e.g., 12 percent). Higher concentrations require less frequent application, while lower concentrations need more frequent use.

3. Sensitivity: Individuals with sensitive skin might need to start with lower concentrations or less frequent application to avoid irritation.

4. Response: If the patient notices positive results with the initial dosing, there might not be a need to change the dosage. However, the healthcare provider might suggest adjustments if there is minimal improvement.

5. Combination Therapy: If one is using other topical medications or treatments alongside Ammonium lactate cream, the healthcare provider might recommend modifications to the dosing regimen to avoid interactions or excessive irritation.

6. Duration: The duration of treatment can also impact dosing. Short-term use might differ from long-term management.

What Are the Pharmacological Aspects of Ammonium Lactate Cream?

1. Pharmacodynamics:

Pharmacodynamics is the study of how a medication interacts with the body at a molecular, cellular, and physiological level to produce its effects. In the case of Ammonium lactate cream, its pharmacodynamics involve its impact on the skin:

• Exfoliation: The presence of lactic acid in the cream facilitates the exfoliation of the outermost layer of the skin by breaking down the connections between dead skin cells. This process encourages the shedding of these cells, revealing smoother skin underneath.
• Moisturization: Ammonium lactate's moisturizing properties arise from its ability to attract and retain water within the skin. This helps to enhance the skin's hydration levels and maintain its natural moisture barrier.
• Keratolytic Effect: The exfoliating action of lactic acid aids in reducing the buildup of keratin around hair follicles, which is common in conditions like keratosis pilaris. This results in a smoother skin texture.
• pH Regulation: Ammonium hydroxide in the cream balances the acidity of lactic acid, mitigating potential irritation and enhancing tolerability.
• Skin Barrier Enhancement: The moisturizing and exfoliating actions together reinforce the skin's protective barrier, prevent excessive water loss, and maintain skin integrity.
• Sun Sensitivity: The cream's potential to increase skin sensitivity to sunlight underlines the importance of sun protection while using the product.

2. Mechanism:

Ammonium lactate cream's mechanism of action involves lactic acid, an exfoliating alpha-hydroxy acid, and Ammonium hydroxide. Lactic acid breaks down bonds between dead skin cells, promoting shedding for smoother skin. Ammonium hydroxide neutralizes acidity, minimizing potential irritation. This synergistic approach addresses dryness, roughness, and scaling while maintaining skin hydration. It is a localized process, distinct from systemic medication effects.

3. Pharmacokinetics:

For topical medications like Ammonium Lactate Cream, the pharmacokinetics are somewhat different from those of orally administered drugs since the cream is applied to the external skin:

• Absorption: After applying Ammonium lactate cream to the skin, its active components, like lactic acid, may be absorbed into the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis. However, absorption into the bloodstream is limited compared to oral medications.

• Distribution: Since Ammonium lactate cream primarily acts locally on the skin, there is minimal distribution throughout the body. Most of its effects are confined to the area of application.

• Metabolism and Elimination: Ammonium lactate cream is not metabolized in the same way oral medications are. Instead, natural processes might break it down in the outer skin layers. The body does not typically excrete it as waste, as it is mostly absorbed where it is applied.

Toxicity:

Ammonium lactate cream, when used topically, has minimal systemic toxicity due to its localized application on the skin. The components are not significantly absorbed into the bloodstream. While it is generally safe, excessive use or sensitivity can cause local skin reactions. Medical attention is advisable for systemic concerns, accidental ingestion, or severe reactions.

Clinical Studies:

Clinical studies involving Ammonium lactate cream have aimed to assess its effectiveness and safety in various skin conditions. These trials typically involve evaluating the cream's impact on conditions such as xerosis (dry skin), ichthyosis (scaly skin disorder), and keratosis pilaris (rough, bumpy skin). These studies often include observations of changes in skin texture, hydration, and overall improvement.

Participants may apply the cream as instructed, and researchers measure outcomes through parameters like skin moisture levels, reduction in scaling or roughness, and any adverse reactions. These trials provide valuable insights into the cream's potential benefits and any potential side effects, helping healthcare professionals make informed decisions about its usage.

What Are the Contraindications of Ammonium Lactate Cream?

None.

Warnings and Precautions:

Warnings are as follows:

Limit or avoid sun exposure to the areas of skin treated with Ammonium lactate cream, 12 percent. Discontinue the use of Ammonium lactate cream if any signs of hypersensitivity occur.

Precautions:

General - It is meant for external use only. Application to skin with fissures, erosions, or abrasions (e.g., after shaving legs) may result in stinging or burning. Caution is recommended when using on the face due to the potential for irritation. The impact on post-inflammatory hypo or hyperpigmentation has not been studied.

What Are the Drug Interactions of Ammonium Lactate Cream?

Ammonium lactate cream is primarily a topical medication, which means its interactions with other drugs are generally limited compared to oral medications. However, there are still a few considerations to keep in mind:

1. Other Topical Medications: When using multiple topical medications simultaneously, interactions are possible.

2. Exfoliating Agents: Since Ammonium lactate cream already exfoliates the skin because of its lactic acid content, combining it with other exfoliating agents like alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), might increase the risk of skin irritation.

3. Sensitivity to Sunlight: Ammonium lactate can increase skin sensitivity to sunlight. If a person is using other products that also increase photosensitivity, such as certain medications or topical treatments, the combined effect might be heightened. Ensuring the skin's good health involves using sunscreen and donning protective clothing to prevent excessive sun exposure.

4. Topical Steroids: While Ammonium lactate cream is primarily a moisturizer and exfoliant, combining it with topical steroids could enhance penetration and effects. Discuss this with the healthcare provider before using these products together.

5. Prescription Products: If a person is using prescription products on the same skin area, it is advisable to consult the doctor before incorporating Ammonium lactate cream.

Specific Considerations:

Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects: Listed under category B, which means it is not suitable for pregnant women. During animal reproduction studies, doses up to 0.7 times the human dose in rats (600 mg/kg/day (milligram per kilogram per day), equivalent to 3600 mg/m²/day) and 1.5 times at doses equivalent to 7200 mg/m²/day in rabbits, there was no indication of impaired fertility or fetal harm stemming from Ammonium lactate formulations. Nevertheless, comprehensive and properly controlled studies involving pregnant women are unavailable. Because the correlation between animal and human responses is not always direct, Ammonium lactate cream should only be used during pregnancy when necessary.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: The application of 12 percent, 21 percent, or 30 percent Ammonium lactate formulations on CD-1 mice for two years did not result in a noteworthy increase in either dermal or systemic tumors unless augmented exposure to ultraviolet radiation was present. The highest systemic exposure attained by the mice in this study was 0.7 times the maximum attainable systemic exposure in humans. However, a prolonged study exploring the influence of 12 percent topically applied Ammonium lactate cream on hairless albino mice implied that it might expedite the development of ultraviolet light-induced skin tumors. Regarding mutagenic potential, Ammonium lactate cream underwent evaluation through the Ames assay and the mouse in vivo micronucleus assay, with both assays yielding negative results.

Nursing Mothers: While lactic acid is a natural component of blood and tissues, its impact on normal lactic acid levels in human milk remains uncertain. Given that numerous drugs are excreted in human milk, caution is advised when administering Lac-hydrin to nursing women.

Pediatric Use: The safety and efficacy of Lac-hydrin have been established in infants and children without any reported unusual toxic effects.

Geriatric Use: In clinical trials of Lac-hydrin (Ammonium lactate) cream, 12 percent did not encompass enough participants aged 65 and above to establish potential differences in response from younger subjects. Reported clinical experience has not indicated discrepancies between elderly and younger patients' reactions. In general, exercise caution when determining dosages for elderly patients.