Understanding the Types of Hernia Better

What is a hernia?

A hernia is the protrusion of an internal organ through a weakened area in the muscles or tissues. They do not pose an immediate threat to life but require surgery as they do not go away on their own. Surgery can also help prevent future complications.

Types

Based on the exact site in the abdomen where the weakness is present, there are different types:

1. Inguinal: When the intestines protrude through a weak spot in the lower abdominal canal it is called an inguinal hernia. It is more common in men than women.
2. Hiatal: When a portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest, it is called hiatal hernia. This is seen more commonly in people over 50. It causes symptoms of GERD.
3. Umbilical: This is a type of a hernia that may be seen in very young babies due to their abdominal walls still being weak. It is especially visible when they cry. With age, the muscles get stronger, and this condition goes away on its own.
4. Incisional: This is a type of a hernia that occurs post surgery in the area weakened by the incision.
5. Femoral: It occurs when the intestine pushes into the canal of the femoral artery in the upper thigh. This is common in women who are pregnant or obese.

Risk Factors

• Multiple pregnancies.
• Constipation.
• Sudden loss or gain of weight.
• Lifting very heavy objects.
• Ascites.
• Surgery.
• Prolonged coughing or sneezing.
• Obesity.
• Malnutrition.
• Smoking.

Symptoms

• A sharp, burning pain in the affected area during coughing, sneezing, lifting weights and quick movements.

• Pressure and discomfort in the abdomen (in the area of bulge).

• Sometimes, no symptoms are felt.

Investigations

A hernia is often diagnosed during a routine physical examination. The doctor will feel for an obvious protrusion that gets more visible with coughing.

Based on the suspected location, few tests may be ordered by the doctor to visualize the internal organs better.

1. Barium X-ray.
2. Endoscopy.
3. Ultrasound.

Treatment

1. Lifestyle changes

• Eat fibrous food.
• Keep your meals light.
• Do not lie down immediately after a meal.
• Stay in the healthy weight range.
• Strengthen the muscles around the hernia bulge by exercising under the guidance of a qualified physiotherapist.
• Avoid spicy foods.
• Stop smoking.

2. Medication

In certain cases (a hiatal hernia), medications such as antacid help relieve symptoms and are prescribed by the doctor.

3. Surgery

If a hernia causes pain and other complications, your doctor will suggest a surgical correction. This procedure will involve sewing the weakened area closed. Surgery may be via open or keyhole surgery methods.

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