Androgenic Alopecia: An Overview

Introduction:

Androgenic alopecia, often referred to as male-pattern baldness or female-pattern hair loss, is a common type of hair loss that impacts approximately 50 million men and 30 million women in the United States. This condition is primarily caused by genetic and hormonal factors, leading to progressive thinning of the hair on the scalp. This article briefly explains androgenic alopecia, its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options for androgenic alopecia.

What Is Androgenic Alopecia?

Androgenic alopecia is a prevalent type of hair loss in both men and women. In men, it is also known as male pattern baldness, and in women, it is also known as female pattern hair loss. It leads to gradual hair loss on the scalp. The exact causeof Androgenic alopecia is still unknown. As the name indicates, it has a strong genetic basis and is most likely caused by oversensitivity to androgen (hormone).

What Are the Symptoms of Androgenic Alopecia?

The symptoms of androgenic alopecia vary between men and women:

• Hair loss starts slowly and progresses over time.

• One may notice more hair falling out than usual when brushing or combing it.

• Change in texture of hair, hair on the affected areas becomes thin, shorter, and lighter in color.

• In severe cases, hair loss can lead to complete baldness in the affected areas. It is more often seen in men.

In Males:

• Hair loss typically starts at the temples and hairline, forming an "M" shape.

• Receding frontal hairline

• Thinning temporal hair

In Females:

• hair loss occurs more diffusely on the top of the scalp

• Diffuse thinning on the crown

• Preserved frontal hairline

• Bitemporal recession (less common and less severe than in men)

What Are the Causes of Androgenic Alopecia?

1. Genetics: This is the main factor that contributes to androgenic alopecia. People with a family history of this condition are more likely to develop it themselves.

2. Hormones: Androgens, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT), play a role in both male and female pattern hair loss. Too much DHT can shorten the growth cycle of hair follicles, leading to thinner and shorter hairs.

3. Other Factors: While genetics and hormones are the main causes of androgenic alopecia, other factors may also play a role. These include

• Stress.

• Certain medical conditions like coronary heart disease and prostate cancer in men and polycystic ovary syndrome in women.

• Medications.

How Is Androgenic Alopecia Diagnosed?

There is no specific test to diagnose androgenetic alopecia. The diagnosis is usually based on the following:

1. History and Physical Examination:

The history and physical examination are important for diagnosing androgenic alopecia. Doctors will inquire about the patient's hair loss pattern, family history, and any associated symptoms. They will also perform a thorough scalp examination to assess the extent and pattern of hair loss.

2. Laboratory Studies:

• Dehydroepiandrosterone (Dhea)-Sulfate and Testosterone Analysis: These tests are performed in women with signs of virilization (excessive male characteristics) to rule out underlying hormonal imbalances.

• Blood Test: Iron, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation tests are conducted to assess iron deficiency, which can mimic androgenic alopecia in some cases.

• Thyroid Test: This test is ordered to check for thyroid dysfunction, as thyroid disorders can also cause hair loss.

• Biopsy: A scalp biopsy is rarely necessary for diagnosing androgenic alopecia.

What Is the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia?

There are several treatments available for androgenic alopecia, but none of them are a cure. The goal of treatment is to slow down hair loss and promote hair growth.

1. At-Home Treatment: At-home hair loss treatments offer convenience and can be purchased without a prescription. Some of the most common at-home treatments include:

• Minoxidil (Rogaine): Dermatologists may recommend over-the-counter minoxidil to stimulate hair growth and prevent further loss. It is usually applied to the scalp once or twice a day. Results may take 6 to 12 months, and consistent use is necessary to maintain benefits.

• Laser Therapy: At-home laser devices, such as caps and combs, may be suggested. Studies suggest potential benefits, but not everyone sees regrowth. More research is needed to determine efficacy and long-term effects.

• Microneedling: Studies indicate that microneedling, when combined with treatments like minoxidil, can stimulate hair growth. Dermatologist guidance is recommended, and devices used for hair loss have longer needles than those used for the skin.

2. Procedures:

Several procedures can help regrow hair. These procedures are typically performed by a dermatologist and are more effective than at-home treatments.

• Corticosteroid Injections: injections of corticosteroids into bald or thinning areas may be effective. Treatment frequency is typically every 4 to 8 weeks.

• Hair Transplant: In cases of male or female pattern baldness, a dermatologist may suggest a hair transplant, providing a permanent and natural-looking solution.

• Laser Therapy: Low-level laser therapy performed by a dermatologist may be recommended. Multiple sessions over several months may be required.

• Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): PRP involves injecting a concentrated part of one's blood into the area with hair loss. Studies suggest it can be a safe and effective treatment, with repeated injections needed.

3. Prescription Medication:

• Finasteride (Propecia): FDA-approved for male pattern hair loss, finasteride can slow down hair loss and stimulate new growth. It's taken as a daily pill and requires continuous use for sustained results.

• Spironolactone: For female pattern hair loss, spironolactone may be an option. It can stop further loss and increase hair thickness. Pregnancy prevention is crucial due to potential birth defects.

• Other Medications: Depending on the specific diagnosis, dermatologists may prescribe medications to address infections or inflammation contributing to hair loss.

4. Vitamins and Supplements:

If blood tests reveal deficiencies in biotin, iron, zinc, or protein, dermatologists may recommend supplements. However, excessive intake can be harmful, so supplementation is based on individual needs.

5. Wigs and Concealers:

For those uncomfortable with medication, lacking time for treatment, or facing financial constraints, dermatologists may suggest wigs or concealers. While not treating the underlying cause, they can provide immediate cosmetic benefits and boost self-esteem.

Conclusion:

Androgenic alopecia is a common and often distressing condition that can affect one's self-esteem. Fortunately, there are other treatment options available to slow down hair loss, stimulate regrowth, and enhance the overall appearance of existing hair. Individuals experiencing symptoms of androgenic alopecia should consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan based on their specific needs and circumstances. With the right approach, many individuals find effective ways to manage and cope with the challenges of androgenic alopecia, reclaiming their confidence and embracing their unique beauty.