Introduction
Over the past ten years, alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) have gained much popularity. AHAs are used in a variety of skincare products and facial procedures. They have been studied for years and can treat various skin issues, including acne, hyperpigmentation, and signs of aging. Read this article to learn more about the role of AHAs in acne prevention and treatment.
What Is Alpha Hydroxy Acid?
Alpha-hydroxy acids are plant and animal-derived acids. They are used in a wide range of cosmetic products. These include often-used concentrated treatments like chemical peels and everyday anti-aging products like serums, toners, and creams. AHAs are organic acids that include one hydroxyl group linked to the alpha position of the acid. AHAs such as lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid are commonly utilized in cosmetic formulations. In dermatology, AHAs are used as superficial peeling agents to improve the texture of keratoses and acne.
AHAs are classified into seven categories and are often utilized in skincare products.
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Citric acid (present in citrus fruits).
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Glycolic acid (present in sugarcane).
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Hydroxycaproic acid (present in royal jelly).
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Hydroxycaproic acid (from animals).
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Lactic acid (present lactose or other carbohydrates).
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Malic acid (present in fruits).
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Tartaric acid (present in grapes).
How Do Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHA) Work?
Alpha-hydroxy acids penetrate the skin and dislodge acne, causing obstructions. They are not as deep-penetrating as salicylic acid. Still, they are sometimes more successful in eradicating the red, purple, and brown pigmentation associated with acne on the skin because of their ability to reduce pigmentation. AHA-containing cosmetics produce exfoliation, or the shedding of superficial skin. The amount of exfoliation is determined by the kind and concentration of AHA, the pH, and other chemicals in the product.
What Is the Role of AHAs in Acne Prevention?
According to research, AHAs have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial capabilities, making them beneficial against acne-causing bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes. AHAs also aid in reducing scarring from acne and hyperpigmentation (dark pigmentation) by stimulating the creation of new, healthy skin cells. AHAs promote collagen formation, which improves skin texture and reduces the visible signs of acne scars over time.
What Are the Benefits of Using AHAs?
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Exfoliation: AHAs are commonly used as skin exfoliants. All of the additional benefits provided by AHAs are based on this. Exfoliation is the removal of superficial skin cells. The natural skin cell cycle slows as people age, causing dead skin cells to accumulate. Excessive amounts of dead skin cells can build up and give the appearance of dull skin. Accumulation of dead skin cells can exacerbate existing skin concerns, including wrinkles, age spots, and acne. However, only some AHAs have the same ability to exfoliate. The quantity of exfoliation depends on the type of AHA one uses.
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Treatment and Prevention of Acne: AHAs may also be useful in treating and preventing recurrent acne. Acne pimples develop when the pores become clogged with dead skin cells, oil, and germs. Exfoliating with AHAs can assist in loosening and eliminating the clog. Regular use may also prevent new obstructions from occurring. AHAs may also help minimize the size of enlarged pores (typical in acne-prone skin). Exfoliating with glycolic and lactic acids can even help to decrease acne scars. Studies show that noticeable changes in acne may appear after two to three months. It is important to be patient as the products work to clear up acne over time. One must also use the products; skipping daily treatments causes the chemicals to take longer to work.
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Skin Brightening: AHAs break down dead skin cells during skin exfoliation. The new skin below the dead skin is brighter and more radiant. AHAs with glycolic acid can break down skin cell buildup, while citric acid-containing products can brighten the complexion.
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Promote Collagen Production: A fiber high in collagen protein keeps the skin smooth and healthy. At one age, these strands break down. Collagen degradation may also be accelerated by sun exposure, which can lead to swallowing and sagging skin. Collagen is found in the dermis, or main layer of the skin. After the top layer (epidermis) has shed, products such as AHAs can begin to operate on the dermis. AHAs boost collagen formation by removing existing collagen strands to make room for new ones.
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Reduce Surface Lines and Wrinkles: AHAs are widely recognized for their anti-aging effects. AHAs act at the cellular level. It enters the skin's upper layers and breaks down the connections between dead skin cells. In addition to encouraging exfoliation, this procedure also increases the synthesis of collagen, which is necessary to preserve the skin's firmness and lessen the visibility of wrinkles. According to one study, nine out of ten people who used AHAs for three weeks noticed a significant improvement in general skin texture. However, it is important to note that AHAs only treat superficial lines and wrinkles, not deeper wrinkles. Deep wrinkles can only be corrected with expert fillers or other procedures, such as laser resurfacing.
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Promote Blood Flow to Skin: AHAs have anti-inflammatory qualities that can improve blood flow to the skin. This can assist in correcting pale, dark complexions. Adequate blood circulation guarantees skin cells receive the essential nutrients through oxygen-rich red blood cells.
What Are the Side Effects of Using Alpha-Hydroxy Acids?
Alpha-hydroxy acids can cause burning, redness, and general skin irritation. Using AHA products on alternate days is recommended to lessen the risk of irritation. As the skin adjusts to AHAs, one can begin applying them daily. Alpha-hydroxy acids can also make the skin more sensitive to the sun, so apply a non-oily sunscreen daily while the therapy continues. Kindly refer to the product description for comprehensive guidelines and cautions.
Conclusion
AHAs are organic acids that can be used to exfoliate skin. AHAs may eventually aid in reducing visible signs of aging, reducing dark spots, and improving skin texture. Alpha hydroxy acid incorporation into a skincare routine for acne prevention presents an effective means of achieving healthier skin. AHAs can make skin more sensitive to damage from sunlight; thus, individuals who use them should use sunscreen daily. Always see a dermatologist before integrating AHAs into the skincare routine.
