Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetics - The Quiet Threat

Introduction:

Many people all over the world use makeup to change how they look. Makeup includes things like lipstick, eyeshadow, foundation and more. Other products include nail polish, perfumes, body wash, and hair coloring. When it comes to hair coloring, chemicals are mixed to create and apply the color over the hair and scalp. In developed countries, cosmetics companies must inform the FDA that their products are safe. But unlike drugs, cosmetics, except for color additives, don’t need as much testing before they are sold. Some cosmetics like sunscreen are treated as both drugs and makeup.

Personal care products, too, can expose us to various chemicals. Some of these chemicals have been linked to health problems like cancer and disruption of reproductive and endocrine systems. People come into contact with these chemicals through the skin, inhalation, or swallowing them accidentally. The duration and frequency of using these products are the factors to be considered for a person to be affected by these chemicals.

What Are Cosmetic Products?

The word ‘cosmetics’ comes from the Greek word “kosme’tikos,” meaning the art of making the body more beautiful. Throughout history, humans have sought various materials and created products primarily aimed at enhancing the beauty of women. Cosmetics have evolved over the centuries, influenced by diverse cultural traditions.

Physical appearance has remained a vital aspect of daily life throughout this journey, boosting people’s self-image and confidence. However, the idea of beauty has changed over time, with beauty standards being shaped by factors like society, ethnicity, and religious beliefs.

Personal hygiene also has been a significant part of human life since ancient times. Initially linked to hygiene practices during religious rituals, food preparation, and disease prevention, hygiene customs have transformed across different cultures and eras. This evolution has ranged from Roman-era bathing facilities to modern synthetic products like body lotions and hair tonics. Some commonly used cosmetic products are:

• Skincare: Powder, blush, creams, skin toner, moisturizers, face cleansers, lotions, makeup base, correctors, masks, sunscreen, whitening or lightening creams,

• Eyes: Eye shadow, eyeliner and eyebrow pencils, eyeshadow, and mascara.

• Lips: Lipgloss, lipstick, lip balm, and liner.

• Hygiene: Oil, soap, powder, shampoo, bath salts, cleaning wipes, shaving creams, lotions, and feminine hygiene products.

• Synthetic Fragrances: Perfumes and deodorants.

• Nails: Nail polish, cuticle softener, base coat, nail polish remover, glitters.

What Are Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals?

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) are substances from external sources that disrupt the endocrine system, leading to adverse effects on an organism’s health or its offspring. Critical characteristics of EDCs are:

• EDCs do not have a safe threshold; they can affect the endocrine system even at low concentrations when combined with natural hormones.

• Exposure to EDCs during critical developmental stages like pregnancy, lactation, and puberty can result in long-lasting harm to an individual and their descendants.

• The relationship between EDC exposure and adverse effects is not always linear; the response may not increase proportionally to the exposure dose.

• Typically, individuals are exposed to mixtures of EDCs, making it challenging to predict effects due to possible synergistic, additive, or antagonist interactions.

• Consequences of EDC exposure can manifest in subsequent generations due to genomic or epigenetic mechanisms, often with a delayed onset, making it difficult to establish a direct causal link.

What Are Endocrine Disruptors Used in Cosmetics?

Some endocrine disruptors used in cosmetics include:

• Parabens: Used as preservatives in cosmetics, they can mimic estrogen in the body.

• Phthalates: Found in fragrances and some plastics, they can disrupt hormonal balance.

• Triclosan: Previously used in antimicrobial products like soaps, it can affect thyroid hormones.

• BPA (Bisphenol A): Certain plastics can leach into cosmetics and interfere with hormones.

It is essential to check product labels and opt for paraben-free, phthalate-free, or BPA-free products.

What Are the Adverse Effects of EDCs?

EDCs in cosmetics and personal care products can have adverse effects on health. These include:

1. Hormone Imbalance: EDCs mimic or interfere with hormones in the body, leading to hormonal imbalances. This can result in reproductive issues, thyroid function problems, and disruption in hormone signaling pathways.

2. Reproductive Problems: Exposure to certain EDCs, such as parabens and phthalates, has been associated with fertility issues, including reduced sperm quality and decreased fertility in both men and women.

3. Developmental and Growth Issues: In utero exposure to endocrine disruptors can potentially lead to developmental problems in children, including cognitive and behavioral issues and physical abnormalities.

4. Increased Risk of Certain Cancers: Some studies reveal a possible link between long-term exposure to specific endocrine disruptors and an increased risk of hormone-related cancers, such as breast, prostate, and skin cancer.

5. Allergic Reactions and Skin Irritation: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation from cosmetics containing certain chemicals, although these are unrelated to endocrine disruption.

How to Avoid EDCs?

Avoiding EDCs can be challenging as these chemicals are found in various products and environments. Some measures to minimize exposure include:

1. Read Product Labels: Check the labels of cosmetics, personal care products, and household items for the presence of known EDCs, such as paraben, phthalates, and triclosan. Look for products labeled as ‘paraben-free’ or ‘phthalate-free.’

2. Choose Natural and Organic Products: Consider using natural and organic cosmetics and personal care products. These often have fewer synthetic chemicals and are less likely to contain EDCs.

3. Avoid Fragrance: Fragrances in perfumes, lotions, and shampoo can contain undisclosed EDCs. Opt for fragrance-free products with natural scents.

4. Use Glass or Stainless-Steel Containers: When possible, choose product packages in glass or stainless-steel containers rather than plastic, as they leach EDCs, especially if they are not BPA-free.

5. Educate Yourself: Stay informed about the EDCs and their potential sources. Be mindful of the chemicals used in everyday products and make informed choices.

6. Research Brands: Some brands focus on producing EDC-free cosmetics and skincare products. Self-researching and supporting brands committed to using safe ingredients will help encourage EDC-free products immensely.

7. Simplify the Routine: Minimize the number of cosmetic uses. A more straightforward skincare routine with fewer products can reduce exposure to potential EDCs.

8. Check the Cosmetic Database: Some organizations maintain databases of cosmetic ingredients and their safety profiles. These can be valuable resources when assessing product safety.

9. Advocate for Change: Support policies and regulations that promote transparency in cosmetic labeling and restrict the use of EDCs in cosmetics.

10. DIY (Do It Yourself) Cosmetics: Consider making your cosmetics using natural ingredients, which gives complete control over the components.

Conclusion:

Understanding the potential adverse effects of EDCs commonly used in cosmetics is crucial for informed consumer choices. Chemicals like parabens, phthalates, triclosan, and bisphenol A have been linked to endocrine disruptions, reproductive issues, and other health concerns. Regulatory agencies have taken steps to limit their use in cosmetics, but vigilance remains essential. Opting for chemical-free cosmetics and exploring natural alternatives can minimize health risks and promote safer beauty routines. Staying informed about ingredient safety empowers consumers to make choices that align with their well-being and values.