Introduction
The ocular diseases manifest due to UV radiation and visible blue light exposure. Very strong evidence suggests that eye diseases and exposure to UV radiation are associated. For decades, various campaigns have been conducted to raise awareness about the harmful effects of UV radiation, and behavioral changes have been advocated, like wearing sunglasses and hats and seeking shade to protect the eyes. However, high UV rays can reach the eyes even when the sunglasses are worn via the direct rays circumventing the sunglasses, from below by the reflected radiation, from ground surfaces, and from all the other directions because of diffuse radiations from scattering clouds and particles. The UV absorption of the eyes depends on the eyes, tissues, the age of the patient, and the amount and intensity of UV rays received.
What Is UV Light and Why Must the Eyes Be Protected?
It is a form of radiation that comes from the sun and casts a harmful effect on the skin and eyes. It is very much invisible to the human eye. UV light can penetrate the eyes and cause potential damage, contributing to the development of eye conditions like cataracts, macular degeneration, and other vision-related issues. With intense exposure to UV rays, “sunburn of the eyes” can be caused by a painful eye condition; thus, protection from UV rays is needed to minimize the risk of developing these temporary and uncomfortable eye conditions. Consistent protection from UV rays would contribute to long-term eye health, preserve eye health, and reduce the risk of developing age-related eye conditions.
How Can Eyes Be Protected From UV Light?
The simplest way to protect the eyes from the sun's glare is wearing sunglasses and a hat. The sunglasses must be chosen to fit well and block the light coming from in and around the lens. The hat must be broad, dark, and brim, which shades the eyes and reduces the glare. When the sun is the strongest, one must stay inside the house between 10:00 am and 4:00 pm. The local weather forecast must be checked to determine the UV index and intensity. It must be remembered that the UV index can be high even on a cloudy day.
What Eye Problems Are Linked to UV Light Exposure?
Several problems are linked to exposure to UV rays. Due to radiation exposure, the protein and fat deposition over the white part of the eye called sclera can get irritated and, in rare cases, affect how the tears cover the eyes. Another problem is surfer’s eyes, which is a growth over the eyes that extends from the sclera to the clear tissue called the cornea that covers the pupil and cornea of the eyes. Cataract is yet another issue that clouds the eye lens. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can modify the eye lens protein, leading to cataract formation and worsening eyesight. Over time, cataracts can make vision blurry, hazy, and less colorful. Cancers of the eyes, like basal and squamous cell carcinomas, are also linked to exposure to UV radiation. There are no links between any other kind of ocular cancers and that of UV rays. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) blurs the vision centrally and also breaks down the macula, which is the part of the eyes that controls the sharp and straight-ahead vision. Prolonged exposure to UV light leads to increased risk of AMD.
How Do Sunglasses Work and How Is a Pair Chosen?
The sunglasses block and reflect the UV rays away from the eyes. There might be more practical solutions. Hence, even hats are recommended. UV-blocking lenses are the most important feature of sunglasses but not the only thing to be considered. Three other things must be taken into consideration: lens material and fit. The lens material can be made up of any polycarbonate or plastic material, but the retailers must indicate the level of UV protection. One must always look for a lens that provides 99 to 100 percent protection from UV rays. It must be ensured that the sunglasses come with UV-blocking lenses.
Always, comfort must be chosen over style; they must feel good, stay in place, and cover the skin over the eyes. A good fit would reduce the light entering the eyes from the top, bottom, and sides. The sunglasses must be chosen according to the activity near the snow, water, and sand. Polarized lenses must be used to reduce the glare from snow and water. A wrap must be placed around the sunglasses to protect them from intense light or while working in the yard and other activities that create flying debris. Buy only those sunglasses marked with 90 to 100 percent UV protection. Wearing UV-blocking glasses over contact lenses would protect the skin around the eyes, even the portion the lens does not cover.
Can UV Exposure Lead to Eye Damage Even on Cloudy Days?
UV exposure does damage the eyes, even on cloudy days. At the same time, the clouds can block some rays from the sun but are ineffective in blocking the UV rays. The clouds may reduce the intensity of rays, but UV rays can still penetrate the cloud covers. The UVA rays can penetrate the clouds and lead to long-term eye damage. UVB is more responsible for immediate skin damage and gets blocked by the clouds. The cumulative effect of UV exposure is what occurs over time. In certain conditions, like in snowy areas, the UV radiation gets reflected off the surface, increasing the overall UV exposure. The clouds may provide a sense of false security and may lead individuals to avoid UV protection on cloudy days.
Are There Specific Recommendations for Individuals With Light-Sensitive Eyes?
People with light-sensitive eyes must be advised to wear additional protective measures or specific types of eyewear to provide enhanced protection against UV and bright lights. These people must ensure that they wear sunglasses offering 90 to 100 percent protection from UV rays. Choose the right lens tent that could help reduce the light sensitivity; often, gray, brown, or amber tints are preferred. Photochromic lenses change and adjust according to the light conditions. They darken in bright light and lighten indoors, providing continuous protection for light-sensitive eyes.
Conclusion
The impact of UV rays must not be underestimated, as prolonged exposure can lead to innumerable eye conditions, including cataracts and macular degeneration. Prevention is better than cure, so protecting the eyes' health can prevent unwanted mishaps. People must understand that UV rays can be very damaging, and wearing protective eyewear can help resolve this condition.
