Introduction
Manganese is naturally present in rock, soil, water, and food. Manganese is a necessary nutrient for both humans and animals. It aids in the formation of bones, the metabolism of proteins and energy, the regulation of metabolism, and the defense of cells against oxidative stress. Manganese works as an enzyme activator. Arginase, pyruvate carboxylase, and manganese-superoxide dismutase are three examples of manganese-containing enzymes.
What Is Manganese Nitrate Toxicity?
Manganese is an essential nutrient that is required in small amounts for the proper functioning of the human body and is present in both organic and inorganic forms. It is found in many foods, including nuts, legumes, seeds, and whole grains. However, when ingested in large amounts, manganese can be toxic. One form of manganese that can be particularly toxic is manganese nitrate.
A crystallized white substance that is denser than water. Its contact with biological materials may cause an explosion. Skin contact may irritate mucous membranes, eyes, and skin. It might be hazardous if ingested. It is used in many production materials. When used in a fire, these materials will burn faster. When heated or exposed to fire, some materials could degrade explosively, could blow up due to heat or contaminants. Some will explode when exposed to hydrocarbons (fuels) and set off combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers that are heated may blow up. Runoff could result in a risk of fire or explosion.
What Is the Epidemiology of Manganese Nitrate Toxicity?
Since manganese nitrate is not a widely used chemical, there needs to be more epidemiological data about it. Nonetheless, it is crucial to take the necessary precautions to prevent manganese nitrate toxicity as much as possible and to act immediately in case of exposure, as it can have serious health consequences.
How Does the Exposure to Manganese Nitrate Occur?
Exposure to manganese nitrate can occur through:
- Ingestion of high levels of manganese nitrate can lead to abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Inhalation of manganese nitrate can cause respiratory irritation, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
- Skin contact with manganese nitrate can cause redness, itching, and burning.
What Are the Types of Toxicity of Manganese Nitrate?
Toxicity can occur in the following ways:
- Acute Manganese Nitrate Toxicity: It can lead to more severe symptoms, including tremors, muscle spasms, and changes in behavior. In extreme cases, it can cause coma and death.
- Chronic Manganese Nitrate Toxicity: Even at lower levels, it can also have adverse health effects. Prolonged exposure to manganese nitrate has been linked to neurotoxic effects, including changes in behavior, mood, and cognition.
These adverse health effects, particularly the neurologic ones, may follow a "continuum of dysfunction" dose-related. In other words, modest but physiologically excessive levels of manganese may induce mild or undetectable impacts, and these effects worsen with exposure level or exposure duration.
What Are the Uses of Manganese Nitrate?
One of the primary uses of manganese nitrate is as a catalyst in producing chemicals and plastics. It is also used in the production of fertilizers and as a herbicide.
Who Is at Risk of Manganese Nitrate Toxicity?
Occupationally exposed to manganese nitrate, workers are at the highest risk of toxicity, especially those working in mines or factories or producing fireworks and pyrotechnics. In addition, using manganese nitrate in fireworks can also pose a risk of exposure.
What Are the Safety Guidelines to Protect Against Manganese Nitrate Toxicity?
To protect against manganese nitrate toxicity, it is essential to follow the safety guidelines when handling the chemical:
- Workers should use personal protective equipment, such as gloves, respirators, and goggles when handling manganese nitrate.
- Properly storing and labeling manganese nitrate is also essential to prevent accidental exposure.
- Implement engineering controls to reduce the amount of dust and fumes in the air.
- Provide workers with training on the hazards of manganese nitrate and how to handle the chemical appropriately.
- Monitor workers' exposure to the chemical and perform regular medical screening.
- Put on positive pressure. When there is no risk of fire, put on the chemical protective clothing that the manufacturer has expressly advised. The protective gear worn by firefighters does not provide chemical protection.
- In Case of Fire: Isolate for half a mile in all directions if a tank, rail car, or tank truck is on fire. If a fire involves ammonium nitrate in a tank, rail car, or tank truck, isolate the area for one mile in all directions. Start evacuating everyone, including first responders, one mile in all directions.
- In Case of a Minor Fire: Do not use chemicals or foam. Use plenty of water.
- In Case of a Major Fire: Saturate the area with water from a distance. If the cargo has been exposed to heat, do not move the vehicle or the cargo.
What Are the Systemic Effects of Manganese Nitrate?
The respiratory system is affected due to exposure to manganese nitrate. Usually, only minor amounts of lung tissue are damaged, but there could be some localized edema. Cough, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and slight lung function decline in lung function are examples of symptoms and indicators of lung irritation and injury.
How to Provide an Immediate First Aid in Case of Manganese Nitrate Toxicity?
Make a call to the ambulance service. Ensure that the medical staff is informed about the substance(s) in question and takes the necessary safety measures. If it is safe to do so, take the victim to the fresh air. If the victim is not breathing, administer artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Take off any contaminated clothing and shoes and keep them isolated. When dry, contaminated clothing could cause a fire. Immediately wash skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes after coming in contact with a chemical. Keep the victim warm and at ease.
What Treatment Should Be Provided for Manganese Nitrate Toxicity?
If someone has been exposed to manganese nitrate, it is vital to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment for manganese nitrate toxicity may involve supportive care, such as fluids and electrolytes, to manage symptoms. In severe cases, chelating agents may remove excess manganese from the body.
Conclusion
Manganese nitrate is a toxic chemical that can have serious health effects when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. To protect against manganese nitrate toxicity, it is essential to follow safety guidelines when handling the chemical and seek medical attention if someone has been exposed to it.
