Lower Abdominal Pain During Intercourse - Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Introduction:

Dyspareunia is a common condition affecting both sexes. Dyspareunia is pain during or after sexual intercourse. The pain can be felt in the vulva, vagina, lower abdomen, and pelvis area. Dyspareunia can have many causes, and most often, it makes it difficult for women to engage in sexual intercourse. It can also affect men and make it painful for them to engage in intercourse as well. There are several treatment options available for dyspareunia that can help reduce symptoms so that you can enjoy sexual activity again.

What Is Dyspareunia?

Dyspareunia is a medical term that refers to pain during sexual intercourse. It is more common in women, and the pain may be mild or severe. The cause of pain in dyspareunia will vary depending on your symptoms and medical history.

What Are the Causes of Dyspareunia?

The causes of dyspareunia can be physical, psychological, or a combination of both. Physical causes include vaginal dryness, skin irritation, and infections. Psychological causes can include anxiety, stress, depression, and past sexual trauma.

Pain during sexual intercourse can be caused by several reasons. It could also be due to a medical condition, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or ovarian cysts, or it could be due to a lack of lubrication. If the pain is severe, it is important to see a doctor to rule out any serious medical conditions. Some of the conditions are:

1) Vaginal Atrophy: This is a condition that can occur when the tissues of the vagina become thin and dry. Vaginal atrophy can happen during menopause or after childbirth due to a decrease in the production of estrogen. Vaginal atrophy causes symptoms such as vaginal dryness, itching, burning sensation, and pain during sex.

2) Vaginismus: This is a condition in which the muscles of the vagina contract involuntarily, making sexual intercourse painful or impossible. Vaginismus is caused by several psychological issues, including anxiety or trauma.

3) Vaginal Infections: These infections can be caused by a variety of different organisms, including bacteria and viruses such as herpes, syphilis, or human papillomavirus (HPV). These infections can cause a variety of symptoms, including vaginal discharge, itching, burning, and pain.

4) Vaginal Dryness: Vaginal irritation or dryness is due to low estrogen levels after menopause.

5) Endometriosis: It is a condition in which the growth of endometrial tissue occurs outside the uterus. The symptoms include pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. People who have endometriosis may have pain during their periods or during their entire menstrual cycle.

6) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: It is an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause a variety of symptoms, including pelvic pain, fever, and irregular menstrual bleeding.

7) STIs: STIs are sexually transmitted infections that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. The symptoms of STIs include vaginal discharge, itching, burning, and pain.

Men can also experience pain during intercourse due to lack of vaginal lubrication, damage to the penile foreskin, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), penile deformities, and priapism (a persistent and often painful erection).

What Are the Symptoms of Dyspareunia?

• Sharp pain on entry.

• Deep pain during intercourse.

• Burning pain.

• Pelvic cramps.

• Muscle tightness or spasms.

A person should seek medical treatment for the underlying condition to get better and the symptoms aside.

What Are the Risk Factors Associated With Dyspareunia?

Menopause is a significant factor when it comes to the development of dyspareunia. It affects up to 40 percent of women after menopause. Dyspareunia after menopause is caused by vaginal dryness that often occurs during this period in one’s life. As well obesity has been linked with dyspareunia because it leads to an increase in abdominal fat and decreased estrogen levels that may contribute to vaginal dryness.

What Are the Complications of Dyspareunia?

Complications can be physical or emotional.

• The pain can interfere with your daily activities and relationships if you have dyspareunia. It may also cause trouble in your relationship. This can lead to feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety, and depression.

• Some women feel ashamed about their condition and avoid talking about it for fear of being judged by others.

How Is Dyspareunia Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on the symptoms.

• Physical Examination: The doctor examines your external genitals and vagina, looking for signs of pain or injury.

• Lab Tests: The doctor may collect a sample of cells from your cervix to test for infections or other conditions that can cause dyspareunia.

• Ultrasound and laparoscopy to view the female reproductive system.

• Genetic testing is not done unless you have a family history of genetic disorders that affect sexual function or dysfunction, such as herpes simplex virus type -2, human papillomavirus (HPV), and autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus (LE).

What Are the Treatment Options Available for Dyspareunia?

There are several different treatments for anxiety, depending on the severity of the condition.

• Therapy and counseling are often effective for mild to moderate anxiety, while more severe cases may require medication or surgery.

• Antibiotics are used not only to treat the condition but also to prevent it.

• Surgery is necessary to remove fibroids or cysts.

• Hormonal pills can be used to prevent ovulation or ovarian cysts.

How to Manage Symptoms of Dyspareunia on Your Own?

• Using water or silicone-based lubricant can help to prevent vaginal dryness and make sexual activity more comfortable.

• Try sexual activities or positions which does not involve much pain.

• Finding time to relax and de-stress before sex can also help reduce pain and discomfort.

• Applying ice packs after sexual intercourse can also help to reduce any pain or discomfort.

Conclusion:

Overall, dyspareunia is a painful condition that affects both men and women. If a person experiences pain during sexual intercourse, it can have widespread effects on other parts of their life as well. Many reasons can cause the pain associated with dyspareunia. In some cases, simply using more lubrication can help to reduce pain. In other cases, more serious interventions may be necessary. However, see a doctor as soon as possible to get treatment and relieve your pain.