My father's left foot is swollen for the past few days. Is there any problem with his blood report?

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I have gone through your father's blood report (attachment removed to protect patient identity).

Urine albumin and PSA are high. Due to hypoproteinemia, swelling of the foot is happening. So try taking a high-protein diet.

His urine protein is high, so that we can consider it as renal glomerular damage.

High PSA represents prostate gland enlargement. For that, he can take tablet Finasteride 5 mg one tablet orally once daily for a month.

For high protein, determine the cause of high protein by doing MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder) region. If he has diabetes, then it should be under control.

Higher than normal levels of albumin may indicate dehydration or severe diarrhea. If not in the normal range, albumin levels do not necessarily mean he has a medical condition needing treatment. Certain drugs, including steroids, insulin, and hormones, can raise the albumin levels.

Focus on kidney damage. Due to protein deficiency, he has foot swelling. Normal amount of albumin in the urine is less than 30 mg/g. Anything above 30 mg/g and GFR above 60 indicates kidney damage.

Control of blood pressure and blood glucose levels may be achieved through lifestyle changes and taking additional medication. Kidneys are filters that do not usually let a lot of protein to pass through. When it gets damaged, then proteins such as albumin may leak from the blood into his urine. Kidney disease often has no early symptoms.

Blood pressure medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are preferred treatments. These medications relieve pressure inside the kidney filtering unit and also help lower urine protein levels. Drinking plenty of water will help.

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Protein is essential for your body to function properly and is found in the blood. If there is a problem with your kidneys, protein can leak into your urine. While a small amount is normal, a large amount of protein leak may indicate kidney disease.

Take approximately 13 cups of water (3 liters) of water daily. You may be able to reduce the amount of albumin in your urine by taking medicines that lower blood pressure, called ACE inhibitors or ARBs. Do not take supplements containing creatinine. Cut back on vigorous exercise. Eat more fiber-rich foods, eggs, fish, and meat.

If moderately increased albumin levels are found in both initial and repeat urine tests, they are likely to have early kidney disease. An increase in urinary albumin excretion indicates increased permeability of the kidney's filters called the glomerulus.

Take tablet Ramipril 10 mg once daily continue if his BP is more than 140/90 mmHg. PSA 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL is suspicious and might suggest the possibility of prostate cancer. But his report is normal. Do not worry about PSA.

Chitosan supplements are good to take. He can take red bell peppers, cabbage, cauliflower, onions, cranberries, apple, blueberries, etc.

Avoid smoking and drink plenty of water. Egg yolks are very nutritious, they contain high amounts of phosphorus. Do exercise regularly.

Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes. Keep a healthy blood pressure. Take a low-salt, low-fat diet. Keep a healthy weight. Do not drink soda or beverages. Lose weight if he is overweight. Do not take salami, sausages, cheese, dairy products, and canned foods.

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I have seen the prescription (attachment removed to protect patient identity).

Yes, it is an anti-inflammatory that reduces edema. It will also reduce knee fluid.

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