Introduction
AI technology helps doctors to give patient-specific knee arthroplasty in clinical decision-making, preoperative health optimization, resource allocation, decision support, and early intervention in orthopedic surgery. This technique seeks to discern between AI-based tools that are clinically useful and those that are merely marketing hype. With the rising interest in AI-based tools for knee arthroplasty, several papers describing the interest in AI-based tools in the orthopedic sector have been published in recent years. Yet, there still needs to be more knowledge about and application of AI in knee arthroplasty.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): What Is It?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the term used to describe computer programs that can think and carry out complex processes. In the last 70 years, artificial intelligence (AI) has advanced quickly, with computer models and algorithms created to mimic human intellect and carry out specialized jobs across various sectors. Key players in the adoption of AI-based medical solutions are surgeons. Data scientists, engineers, and healthcare practitioners can collaborate to create clinically helpful software.
Robots have a place in every little corner in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are beneficial everywhere, from industrial jobs to providing aid in labs and, in certain places, even department stores. Its impact is also seen in the healthcare sector, first in research labs and, more recently, in operating rooms. Healthcare robotics has advanced significantly, and in a society where people shudder in terror merely at the mention of surgery, artificial intelligence (AI) has delivered a glimmer of hope.
How Are Different Phases of Knee Arthroplasty Performed Using AI?
Using AI Before Knee Arthroplasty:
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The first step in a successful knee arthroplasty is choosing the right patient, considering their medical history, the severity of their osteoarthritis, and the failures of earlier treatments.
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Decision-making is based on essential and verified predictive criteria, such as preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or demographics.
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Preoperative parameters may be specified, knee osteoarthritis severity can be graded, and interobserver variability can be decreased using AI-based algorithms.
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The surgeons may monitor operational faults and efficiency, cut down on completion times, employ auxiliary surgical instruments, and review implant placement decisions simultaneously.
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Limb alignment, implant location, gap balance, and implant size are all included in the preoperative planning and modelization process.
Using AI During Knee Replacement Surgery:
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Robotic-assisted knee replacement is the automated execution of complicated movements by a machine, especially one that a computer can program.
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This technique combines data from intraoperative surface mapping, preoperative imaging, and particular bone markers (such as bone shape and tibial and femoral alignment).
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Robotic systems may be divided into passive, semi-autonomous, and autonomous.
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Regardless of the technique employed, the main advantage of robotic systems is precise and repeatable bone preparation due to the robotic interface.
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The majority of currently accessible robotic systems evaluate ligament balance following implant location and intraoperative bone cutting.
Using AI After Knee Arthroplasty:
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Postoperatively, remote monitoring through cell phones can be employed to collect ongoing subjective and objective data.
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Using the patient's smartphone, these gadgets enable real-time monitoring of the patient's involvement in home exercise regimens and physical treatment.
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As a result, the surgical team may monitor the patient's progress during rehabilitation and take action if necessary, such as making a phone call or scheduling another clinic visit.
What Are the Orthopedic Applications of Artificial Intelligence?
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The main objective is to use AI in Orthopedics to gain an understanding of potential outputs, develop patient-specific treatments, and lessen security concerns. All of these difficult jobs are completed quickly and automatically.
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To query for the existence or absence of a discovery or information, AI may, for example, transform the natural human language of a patient's medical records, such as surgical reports, into structured format data.
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It has also been utilized in orthopedics to locate surgery site infections in free-text notes in medical records and has demonstrated prediction abilities that are equivalent to the manual abstraction process and outperform models that rely just on administrative data.
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It has also been utilized in orthopedics to find surgery site infections in free-text notes in medical records, and it has shown prediction power that is on par with manual abstraction and superior to models that just use administrative data.
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Predictive models have been used in hip arthroplasty to detect common data items and categorize periprosthetic femur fractures.
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The preoperative planning process was significantly impacted by artificial intelligence.
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Now that medical imaging has advanced, surgeons may employ techniques for automated bone segmentation. This enables them to prepare and simulate various surgery outcomes to enhance patient care.
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A promising approach to better knee osteoarthritis identification and management is artificial intelligence.
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Research has also demonstrated that using AI makes it feasible to assess photographs in digital picture files on a scale never before achieved and correlate those reviews to results.
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It is feasible to move beyond basic angles into complicated patterns that incorporate angles, comminution, and bone quality, for example, using algorithms to look for novel patterns in addition to discovering conventional orthopedic metrics like wrist angles.
Is It Safe for Everyone to Have Robot-Assisted Surgery?
Precision is the advantage doctors focus on when discussing the advantages of robot-assisted procedures. The tool may be utilized nearly anywhere and serves as an assistant in OT by providing accuracy and precision. Yet sometimes, patients might not necessarily get along. This occurs when a person is severely fat or has a severe deformity.
On the one hand, surgeons assert that a robot may never totally replace a surgeon in the operating room; yet, on the other hand, experts assert that AI aid may affect how we see operations, for better or worse.
Will Robots Eventually Replace Orthopedic Surgeons?
Artificial intelligence has the power to instantly transport us to a futuristic world in which orthopedic technologists would be androids. Although AI in healthcare is a popular topic right now, it is unlikely to develop in that direction. Yet, orthopedic specialists believe that it is a technique to continue using.
Moreover, robotic surgery will be a typical orthopedic technique. The high-tech sophistication has so far fascinated patients, who have demonstrated considerable curiosity and excitement for surgery aided by robots. The use of robotic surgery is revolutionizing medical practice. Yet, communication is a key aspect of the doctor-patient interaction, especially for surgeons, which would only be recovered if robotic surgery and artificial intelligence were automated processes.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence is a new technology that is expanding quickly and finding more uses in orthopedics. The decision-making process, surgical planning, precision, and repeatability of surgical operations are all improved in knee arthroplasty by AI-based technologies. The safety and efficacy of AI-based knee arthroplasty, however, still need to be improved. With new technologies, a careful validation procedure and an examination of their therapeutic significance are necessary. A synergistic interaction between the human mind and robotics and AI is the way ahead for more effective patient care in the future. Robots and AI will always be around.
