Introduction
A mammogram is the best test for detecting breast cancer, even before a lump can be felt. Early treatment of breast cancer can lead to better outcomes. The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that women should start having yearly mammograms at the age of 40. Mammograms are generally safe, with very few risks. The amount of radiation used in a mammogram is very small, and there is a very small risk that radiation exposure increases the risk of developing cancer. However, this risk is much smaller than the benefit of early detection of breast cancer. If one’s mammogram is abnormal, it does not mean that one has breast cancer. It simply means that more tests are needed to investigate the abnormality. These tests may include additional mammograms, ultrasound, or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
What Is a Mammogram and Why Is It Important?
A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray of the breast. It is the best test for detecting breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Mammograms can find breast cancer even before a lump can be felt. Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in the United States, excluding skin cancers. In 2023, it is estimated that over 281,550 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in the United States. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer are important for the best outcome.
When Should One Get a Mammogram?
The American Cancer Society recommends that women should start having yearly mammograms at the age of 40. Women who have had breast cancer in the past may need to start getting mammograms earlier or more often. However, recommendations for when to start getting mammograms can vary based on different guidelines and individual risk factors.
What Are the Benefits of Getting a Mammogram?
Early treatment of breast cancer can lead to better outcomes, such as a higher survival rate and less invasive treatment. Here are some benefits of getting a mammogram:
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Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Mammograms are effective in detecting breast cancer at an early stage, often before symptoms are noticeable. Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment and improves the overall prognosis.
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Improved Survival Rates: Studies have shown that regular mammography screening can lead to a reduction in breast cancer mortality. Detecting cancer in its early stages allows for timely intervention and treatment, which can improve survival rates.
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Less Invasive Treatment Options: When breast cancer is detected early, less aggressive and less invasive treatment options may be available. This can result in a better quality of life for the individual undergoing treatment.
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Monitoring Changes Over Time: Regular mammograms provide a baseline for comparison over time. By comparing images from previous mammograms, healthcare providers can identify any changes in the breast tissue and assess the need for further investigation.
What Are the Risks of Getting a Mammogram?
The risks of getting a mammogram are very low. The amount of radiation used in a mammogram is very small. There is a very small risk that radiation exposure increases the risk of developing cancer, but this risk is much smaller than the benefit of early detection of breast cancer. Some risks include:
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Overdiagnosis: Overdiagnosis in the context of cancer screening refers to the detection of cancers that, if left undetected, would never have caused any symptoms or harm during a person's lifetime. Mammograms can even lead to overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis can result in unnecessary treatment, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
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False-positives: There may be sometimes false-positive results, indicating a large number of abnormalities that are not cancer. This can lead to unnecessary anxiety and further testing.
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False-negative: There is also the risk of false-negative results, where a mammogram fails to detect an existing cancer. This may give a false sense of security, and women with false-negative results may delay seeking further evaluation.
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Anxiety: This anxiety arises from the uncertainty of whether they have cancer or not. Because, in most cases, the women being screened are healthy.
What Is the Procedure Involved in Mammogram?
There is very little preparation required for a mammogram. However, there are a few things one can do to make the experience more comfortable. Avoid wearing deodorant or antiperspirant on the day of the mammogram. These products can contain metal particles that can interfere with the images. Wear a comfortable, loose-fitting shirt and skirt or pants. If one has long hair, tie it back or wear a headband. Also, schedule the mammogram for a time when breasts are least likely to be tender. This is usually about a week after the menstrual period ends. If one is having pain or tenderness in the breasts, let the technologist know. They may be able to adjust the position of the X-ray machine to make the procedure more comfortable.
During a mammogram, one will stand in front of an X-ray machine. A technologist will place one of the breasts on a platform and compress it with a paddle. This may be uncomfortable, but it is necessary to get a clear image. The technologist will then take several X-rays of each breast. The entire mammogram process usually takes about 15 minutes. After a mammogram, one can get dressed and go back to normal activities. One may experience some minor discomfort or tenderness in the breasts for a few days. This is normal and should go away on its own. If one has any concerns about the mammogram results, talk to the doctor.
Conclusion
Mammograms are a tool for early detection of breast cancer. Early treatment of breast cancer can lead to better outcomes. If one is over the age of 40, talk to the doctor about whether one should start getting regular mammograms. Get support from the family and friends. There are also many support groups available for people with breast cancer. Eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep. Mammograms are generally safe, with very few risks.
If one is diagnosed with breast cancer, the doctor will work to develop a treatment that is right. Treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Remember, there are many people who can help through this journey.
