What is the cause for bleeding, swelling, and pain in the gums?

Hi,

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Bleeding gums are due to inflamed (simply, swollen) gums. The most probable cause is calculus (hard deposits) and plaque (soft deposits) irritating the gums. The treatment is to get a professional cleaning (scaling) done by a dentist. You can do lukewarm salt water gargling to give some relief to the gums. Mouthwash (Chlorhexidine) can be used but, use it after diluting it with water once or twice daily till the gums get normal. After that, you can continue just lukewarm salt water, as Chlorhexidine can cause tooth discoloration. Kindly, follow the correct brushing method (modified Bass sulcular method). Medicines are not required compulsorily in this case. The other cause could be of swelling (sinus opening) due to chronic infection of a tooth. In this case, antibiotics are prescribed. I would like to see the image of the tooth to guide you with the provisional diagnosis. Kindly visit your nearby dentist for a further clinical examination, X-ray, and treatment.