Golfers Elbow Pain - An Overview

Introduction

Golfer’s elbow occurs due to repeated stress or overuse, especially forceful movements that result in damage to the muscles and tendons that control the fingers and wrist during various movements. It is similar to a tennis elbow and not limited only to golfers. It can also occur in people participating in throwing sports, weight training, racket sports such as tennis, etc. Construction workers, plumbers, carpenters, etc., may also be at risk for developing a golfer’s elbow due to repetitive occupational movements. In the majority of cases, the golfer’s elbow resolves within one year without any specialized treatment. Regular stretching and muscle-strengthening exercises which can be easily done at home, reduce a golfer’s elbow pain and are beneficial to include in a daily fitness routine.

What Is a Golfers Elbow Pain?

Golfer’s elbow refers to the pain arising from the tendons inside the elbow and the muscles of the forearm. It is also called medial epicondylitis. It is mostly seen in men above the age of 35 years and mainly occurs due to overuse or general wear and tear of the muscle and tendons used during grasping or wrist flexion. It is mainly seen in people who repeatedly swing a golf club or do other physical activities such as twisting, overhead throwing, or gripping motion. Smoking and being overweight can be considered associated risk factors for a golfer’s elbow. The pain can begin suddenly or gradually and worsen on certain movements. It is usually felt on the inner side of the elbow, extending along the forearm.

What Are the Symptoms of the Golfers Elbow?

Some of the symptoms of the golfer’s elbow include;

• Pain in the wrist and forearm.

• Stiffness of the elbow.

• Inflammation.

• Reduced grip strength and pain when trying to make a fist.

• Tingling sensation or numbness in the hand.

• Weakness in the hands and wrist.

How Is Golfers Elbow Diagnosed?

A golfer’s elbow can be diagnosed by medical history and a physical examination. To evaluate the pain, the healthcare professional applies pressure on the affected area or asks the patient to perform specific movements of the elbow, wrist, and fingers in different ways. Imaging tests include; computed tomography (CT) scan, bone scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which also helps to rule out other causes.

How Can a Golfers Elbow Be Treated?

It is necessary to consult a healthcare provider when a golfer’s elbow is suspected, or any pain or discomfort is observed during physical activities. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further complications or permanent damage to the muscles and tendons. The treatment plan includes the following;

1. Physiotherapy: A physiotherapist identifies the condition, suggests specific exercises, and also advises avoiding certain painful movements to allow the inflamed tendon to heal, as continuing them may delay recovery.

2. Other Treatments:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Acetaminophen, etc, can reduce pain.

• Adequate rest.

• Applying an ice pack on the forearm.

• Wearing a brace or a night splint on the forearm.

If the signs and symptoms do not respond to any of the conservative treatment methods for around six to twelve months, surgical intervention may be necessary.

How Can Physiotherapy Help in Golfers Elbow Pain?

Certain physical exercises, when performed regularly, can help build strength, increase flexibility, and prevent or ease pain due to a golfer’s elbow. A physiotherapist educates the patient about the condition and also suggests some adjustments to be made initially, such as throwing techniques, work tasks, weights, golf swing, etc., to reduce pressure on the tendons in the forearm. This is followed by guidance on certain exercises which is part of a formal physical therapy program designed depending on the condition. These exercises must be done gently two times a day before and after any physical activity.

1. Resistance Exercises: These exercises challenge the weaker muscles and can be done using weights, resistance bands, or medicine balls.

• Extension: The forearm must be placed on a table or the arm of a chair with the hand hanging over the edge and the palm facing downwards. The hand must be slowly lowered before raising it back to its original position. This exercise must be done around three sets of 15 repetitions.

• Flexion: The forearm must be placed on a table or the arm of a chair with the hand hanging over the edge and the palm facing upwards. The hand must be slowly lowered before raising it back to its original position. This exercise must be done around three sets of 15 repetitions.

2. Range of Motion Exercises: Simple mobility exercises or self-stretches can be done at home to maintain stability and proper movement of the wrist and elbow.

• The affected arm must be extended in front with the fingers and palm facing up. The opposite hand must be used to gently pull the fingers and the wrist down towards the body. This stretch must be held for around 30 seconds, and two to five sets can be repeated.

3. Isometric Exercises:

• Extension: While being seated, the affected forearm must be placed on a table or the arm of a chair with the palm facing downwards. The opposite hand must be placed at the back of the affected hand and must be used to press the affected hand up, and resistance must be created by pressing down. This must be continued for around ten seconds slowly, and 15 repetitions can be done slowly, increasing the resistance.

• Flexion: While being seated, the affected forearm must be placed on a table or the arm of a chair with the palm facing upwards. The opposite palm must be pressed into the affected hand downwards so that resistance is created. The affected arm must be pushed upwards by slowly the resistance and gently released. This must be repeated at least 15 times.

4. Manual Therapy: A physical therapist may use some manual techniques to help the muscles regain their full movement; this is done by soft-tissue massage, elbow, wrist, and forearm stretches, and gentle joint movements. Manual stretching of shoulder and thoracic spine areas can also be done as these areas can also be affected by imbalance along the chain of muscles and tendons involving the elbow.

How can Golfers Elbow Be Prevented?

• Walking, jogging, and gentle stretching exercises done for a few minutes before beginning a workout or sports activities can warm up the muscles.

• An instructor or a physical therapist must be consulted to check the fitness and form of the individual to avoid overload on the muscles and tendons.

• Regular simple exercises and the use of light weights can strengthen the forearm muscles and reduce stress.

• Rackets with a heavy head or a small grip can increase the risk of elbow problems; therefore, using appropriate equipment, lighter graphite clubs, or rackets can prevent strain on the forearm muscles.

• The wrist must be stable and rigid while lifting anything, including weights, to reduce the force on the elbow.

• Adequate rest and frequent breaks between sports activities are required to prevent overuse of the elbow and forearm. Even when slight pain or discomfort is experienced during the activity, it must be immediately stopped and rested for some time.

Conclusion

Repeated stress or overuse during physical activities can lead to pain and inflammation in the tendons resulting in a golfer’s elbow. Individuals must follow proper form and technique while doing repetitive movements during work tasks or sports. Gentle stretching and warm-up exercises must be performed before and after any workout or other strenuous activity. Being aware of the body movements and understanding the risk of injury is necessary to prevent a golfer’s elbow.