Benefits of Exercise After Mastectomy

What Is Mastectomy?

A surgical procedure called a mastectomy removes all or part of the breast. Although it is frequently done to treat breast cancer, it can also be done for other purposes. A mastectomy's two main objectives are removing the malignant tissue and lowering the recurrence likelihood. A mastectomy may involve removing the entire breast or just the damaged breast tissue, depending on the kind and stage of the cancer. The lymph nodes in the armpit may also be removed in specific circumstances. Following the procedure, ladies may opt to reconstruct the breast using either implants or their own tissue.

What Are the Types of Mastectomy?

There are several types of mastectomy, including:

• Simple or Total Mastectomy: The whole breast, including the nipple and areola, needs to be removed

• Modified Radical Mastectomy: In addition to the lymph nodes under the arm and the chest muscles, the entire breast must be removed in this procedure.

• Radical Mastectomy: This involves the removal of the entire breast, as well as the lymph nodes under the arm and the chest muscles.

• Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: This involves the removal of the breast tissue, but the skin over the breast is left intact. This type of mastectomy is often followed by breast reconstruction surgery.

• Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: The nipple and areola are not affected, but the breast tissue is removed. This type of mastectomy is also often followed by breast reconstruction surgery.

What Are the Potential Causes to Undergo Mastectomy?

Reasons to undergo mastectomy include:

• Breast Cancer: Mastectomy is often recommended as a treatment for breast cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the breast or surrounding tissue.

• High Risk of Breast Cancer: Women with a strong family history of breast cancer or those who have tested positive for certain genetic mutations may choose to undergo a prophylactic mastectomy to reduce their risk of developing breast cancer.

• Benign Breast Conditions: In some cases, mastectomy may be recommended to treat benign breast conditions that cause pain or other symptoms and do not respond to other treatments.

• Gender Reassignment: Some transgender individuals may choose to undergo mastectomy as part of their gender transition.

What Are the Post-operative Steps That Need to Be Taken?

The post-operative procedures to recover quickly from mastectomy include:

• Pain Management: The patient will be prescribed pain medications to manage the pain after the surgery. It is important to take the medications as prescribed and inform the doctor if the pain is not relieved.

• Arm Exercises: The patient will be advised to do gentle arm exercises to improve circulation and prevent stiffness. These exercises may include shoulder shrugs, arm circles, and wall climbing.

• Wound Care: Instructions on how to take care of the surgical incision site will be given to the patient, including keeping it clean and dry, changing dressings as needed, and monitoring for signs of infection.

• Drain Care: If drains were placed during the surgery to remove excess fluid, the patient would be instructed on how to care for them and monitor for signs of infection.

• Rest and Activity: The patient will need to rest for the first few days after surgery and gradually increase activity levels as directed by the doctor. After surgery, it is essential to refrain from heavy lifting and intense activities for a few weeks.

• Emotional Support: The patient may experience a range of emotions after surgery, including anxiety, depression, and body image concerns. It is of the utmost importance to speak with family, friends, or a mental health professional for emotional assistance if necessary.

• Follow-up Appointments: The patient will have follow-up appointments with the doctor to monitor healing and discuss any concerns or complications.

What Benefits Do Physiotherapy Exercises Have for Mastectomy?

Physiotherapy exercises can be beneficial for a mastectomy patient to improve range of motion, reduce stiffness, and prevent lymphedema. Here are some recommended physiotherapy exercises that a mastectomy patient can perform:

• Shoulder Rolls: Arms at sides, either sit or stand. Roll the shoulders slowly in a forward and backward motion.

• Wall Climbing: Stand facing a wall and place the hands on the wall at shoulder height. Lean forward and then push back, using the arms to climb up the wall. Repeat 10 times.

• Arm Circles: Stand with the arms at the sides. Slowly raise the arms out to the sides and then circle them forward and backward. Repeat 10 times.

• Pendulum Swings: Lean forward and support the body with the unaffected arm on a table or chair. Let the affected arm hang down and gently swing it back and forth and then side to side. Repeat 10 times.

• Elbow Flexion: Sit or stand with the arms at the sides. Bend the affected elbow and bring the hand up towards the shoulder. Slowly straighten the arm back down. Repeat 10 times.

• Scapular Retraction: Arms at sides, either sit or stand. The shoulder blades should be squeezed together. Hold the contraction for a few seconds, then let go. Repeat 10 times.

It is important to perform these exercises gently and gradually increase the intensity as tolerated. It is also important to consult with a physiotherapist or healthcare provider before starting any exercise program after a mastectomy.

What May Be the Suggested Exercise Program?

The timing of when to start exercising after mastectomy surgery can vary depending on the individual, the type of surgery, and the healthcare provider's advice. Generally, patients are advised to start a gentle range of motion exercises within 24-48 hours after surgery. However, consulting with a healthcare provider or physiotherapist before starting any exercise program is important.

The duration of the exercise program can also vary depending on the individual and the type of surgery. Generally, patients are advised to continue exercising for at least 6-8 weeks after surgery or until their strength and range of motion are back.

The number of sets per day can also vary depending on the individual and the type of surgery. Generally, patients are advised to start with 2-3 sets of each exercise per day and gradually increase as tolerated. It is vital to pay attention to the body and refrain from overexerting the self because doing so can result in issues like lymphedema or damage.

It is necessary to pay attention to the recommendations of the physiotherapist or medical professional on the timing and frequency of exercise after mastectomy surgery. They can customize an exercise program based on the individual needs and goals.

Conclusion

Recovery from a mastectomy includes regular exercise. Exercise helps lessen tiredness and depression while also enhancing physical performance and quality of life. Patients must comprehend the necessity for gradual improvement and be aware of any potential restrictions. Before beginning an exercise program, patients should always see their doctor. Low-impact cardio exercises like walking, biking, swimming, or utilizing an elliptical machine are generally advised. Strength and flexibility can both be increased by mild weightlifting. Exercises that require pushing or pulling heavy objects, as well as those that are painful or uncomfortable, should be avoided by patients. Always pay attention to the body's cues and quit if any pain or discomfort is experienced.