Introduction
Face Masks are an effective tool in preventing COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) infection spread. Face masks contain the droplets within them and block their release into the air. So it is essential to wear the right face mask that covers the nose, mouth, and chin. In addition, masks and respirators are helpful tools in reducing the spread of COVID-19 only if worn correctly and consistently.
When to Wear Face Masks and Respirators?
Face masks are not harmful and do not cause a lack of oxygen in human bodies. It allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through easily. Wearing comfortable and well-fitting masks offers protection. Well-fitting masks contain the infected droplets and prevent their release into the air. Respirators fit closely on the face, filter the infected particles and prevent the spread of infection. Individuals should wear a mask.
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When caring for COVID-infected individuals.
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Immunocompromised or individuals with other medical conditions.
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When in crowded places.
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While working in a crowded environment.
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If we are not vaccinated.
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If we are in a highly infected zone.
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Pregnant and breastfeeding mothers.
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Children of age two years and older.
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Travelers should wear well-fitting masks to ensure maximum protection.
How to Choose the Right Mask?
It is important to check the fit of the mask. It should cover the nose, mouth, and chin.
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Check for any gaps around the edges of the mask.
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Check for airflow around the area near the eyes and sides of the mask.
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The good-fitting mask does not allow air to escape when air is blown.
What Are the Different Types of Face Masks and Respirators?
Well-fitting NIOSH (national institute for occupational safety and health) approved masks offer the best protection. Surgical masks and KN95, the layered fine woven masks, provide better protection than loosely woven cloth masks.
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N95 Masks are disposable surgical masks that offer a higher level of protection. It meets U.S quality standards. It filters all the small and large particles. Common people can use non-surgical N95 masks also. Surgical N95 masks are worn by healthcare providers. N95 masks with respirators filter more than 95 % of the particles. NIOSH-approved N95 masks meet international standards and offer high protection.
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KN95 Masks are similar to N95 masks but do not have a reputed certification and do not meet international standards. Their quality is different from that of the N95 masks, but they offer great protection similar to N95 masks.
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Surgical Masks are layered disposable blue masks with white borders. They are loose-fitting masks that do not provide good protection when worn alone. But the level of protection can be increased by wearing double masks and knotting the ear loops to prevent gaps around the mask.
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Cloth Masks are reusable and washable masks that provide some protection. It is good to use multi-layered thick cloth masks with a nose wire. Cloth masks are better than no masks at all.
Face masks come with ear loops or ties. Ties behind the head fit well and offer better protection than ear loops. It is important to choose comfortable options with the right fit.
How to Wear a Mask?
Touch the mask with a clean and sanitized hand. Secure them with the ties or by pulling the ear loops, then cover the nose, mouth, and chin. Make sure there is no gap around the edges. Pinch the nose wire to make it tight around the nose. It should be tight and also comfortable to breathe. Do touch the masks only at the ear loop or tie portion. Do not touch the masks while wearing them.
How to Remove a Mask?
Remove the mask by pulling off the ties or ear loop. Avoid touching the front part of the mask. Remove them if they get wet. Dispose of it in the trash after having used it.
How to Maintain the Face Masks?
Soiled disposable masks should be thrown into the trash and should not be reused. Cloth masks should be washed with warm water and soap and hung to dry. N95 masks can be used five times according to CDC (centers for disease control and prevention) guidelines. They can be stored in paper bags after use.
What Are the Special Considerations?
According to CDC guidelines:
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Children under two years of age.
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People with breathing difficulties.
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Unconscious individual.
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Physically challenged individuals who cannot wear or remove masks without others' help.
Can go without wearing masks. Apart from that:
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Do not wear a mask while doing intense physical exercises; instead, maintain social distance.
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Place the mask in a clean and safe place when eating or drinking outside the home. Do not keep them in pockets or bags to avoid contamination.
What Are the Alternatives for Face Masks?
Face shields are transparent plastics with an adjustable strap that fits behind the head. They are used by dentists and dental hygienists while performing dental procedures with a face mask. CDC does not recommend using face shields instead of face masks, as they offer less protection. But a face shield that wraps around the face and extends below the chin can be used in some situations.
Clear masks or masks with transparent sheets can be used while interacting with;
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People who have hearing disabilities.
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Students while reading.
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Teaching students.
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People with disabilities.
But these masks are not breathable and collect moisture on the inside of the mask.
Are Masks Mandatory if We Are Vaccinated?
CDC recommends the use of masks in public places, in highly contaminated zones, and during travel for fully vaccinated as well as not vaccinated individuals.
Conclusion
A face mask is a socially responsible tool to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. Wearing any mask is better than not wearing anything. Face masks are the new normal and do not hamper any social, ethical, cultural, or religious considerations. They should be worn to ensure personal health and safety. In addition to social distancing and personal hygiene, face masks are critical in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 infection.
