Introduction:
Health promotion targets to improve public health by considering the psychosocial, political, social, and educational factors. Health education is concerned with creating awareness about education and informing people about health issues. In addition, it aims to promote a healthy lifestyle and prevent any disability. Health promotion and health education share similarities and a symbiotic relationship among them.
What Is Health Promotion?
Health promotion enables people to improve their health and maintain control over it. Health promotion aims to promote health and prevent disease and disability through environmental, physical, biological, and medical sciences. Health promotion is the development of institutional, group, individual, community, and systemic strategies to improve attitude, health knowledge, skills, and behavior. The first conference on health promotion was held in Ottawa in 1986 that involved the World Health Organisation (WHO).
Why Is Health Promotion Important?
-
Health promotion improves the health status of individuals, estates, families, communities, and nations.
-
Health promotion helps to reduce premature death.
-
Health promotion improves the quality of life for all individuals.
What Are the Models of Health Promotion?
Health promotion is associated with three types of models such as :
-
Biomedical Model of Health (Pre-1970S): Focuses on healthy lifestyle, risk behaviors, and individual responsibilities. It emphasizes health education to improve knowledge, health, attitude, and skills.
-
Social Model of Health (From the 1970S Onward): Involves inter-sectoral collaboration and empowers individuals, their families, and communities. It enables access to various healthcare facilities and broadens determinants of healthcare.
-
Ecological Model of Health (From the Late 1970S Onward): Acknowledges the behavior between an environment in which people work, play, and live with health-related behavior. It is considered that the environment comprises different subsystems like micro, macro, Exo, and Meso. It is multi-facet and comprehensive.
What Is Health Education?
Health education is essential to practice early detection and prevention of disease. Health education is a series of learning processes gained through motivation and participation in public health. It is a type of education designed to acquire knowledge, value, skills, and attitude necessary to maintain, improve, promote, and restore health.
What Are Health Education Strategies?
The strategies of health education are as follows :
-
Planning learning activities to enhance patient skills and knowledge.
-
Motivation to increase participation of the targeted population.
-
Implementing the program with a well-planned curriculum to educate the patient on the importance of health for survival in life.
-
Health education presentation through audiovisual means such as compact discs (CDs), videos, software websites, and projectors.
-
Regular training to ensure the learning outcomes of health education.
-
To facilitate proper usage and acceptance of medical and medico-social measures present or available for the benefit of humans.
-
To create awareness among people about mental and physical hygiene.
What Are Methods of Approach in Health Education?
There are three different methods of approaches in health education such as :
-
Legal or Regulatory Approach: The approach made by using laws to protect people's health. The government has introduced laws and regulations to safeguard public health. Examples are the pollution act, epidemic disease act, environment act, and food adulteration act.
-
Administrative or Service Approach: It is the approach that provides all health facilities needed by the people. It becomes a failure if the service is not based on the needs of an individual. The system can only be successful when the service is based on a person's 'felt need.'
-
Educational Approach: It is the most effective means of achieving changes in public health practices and lifestyle.
What Are The Principles of the Health Education?
The following principle of health education are :
-
Interest: It is the most crucial principle of health education that aims to create awareness through the public's interest to identify their health needs and participate in making it successful.
-
Participation: It is the second principle that aims to encourage involvement among the public through health moderators. Examples of participation include panel and group discussions that allow public participation.
-
Known to Unknown: It is the principle that involves educating people about what they know to what they do not know.
-
Comprehension: This refers to the level of literacy and understanding in receiving health education.
-
Reinforcement: It refers to the repetition required in public health to learn new things in a short period. This principle is also known as a booster dose in health education.
-
Motivation: It is a fundamental desire for learning in an individual. It consists of primary and secondary motives.
-
Learning by Doing: Listening and watching things might be difficult to memorize or implement. If the learning process is initiated by doing new things, it is best instilled in the learner's mind.
-
Soil, Seed, and Sower: These are three essential components of health education that are interdependent and result in dynamic interactions.
-
Good Human Relation: This states that a health educator maintains friendly or good personal qualities and relations towards others.
-
Community Leader: It plays a vital role in educating the patients about the need for community health advice and guidance to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
What Is the Aim of a Health Educator?
-
Develop and plan a health education program.
-
Assess the needs of an individual and community.
-
Coordinate and implement health education programs.
-
Identifying resources and making referrals.
-
Develop,=and organize social marketing and mass media campaigns.
-
Conducting workshops and educating through audiovisual means.
What Are the Activities for Initiating Health Promotion And Health Education?
The various activities to initiate health promotion and education are :
-
Communication: It is an integral part of health promotion and education. Communication spreads awareness about the benefits of maintaining health and preventing disease occurrence.
-
Education: It is imparted by schools, colleges, and camps to initiate medical services to needy people and the rights of healthcare by all individuals.
-
Follow-Up Programs: Advertisements for maintaining healthy lifestyles through television, video calls, and other social websites.
Conclusion:
Health education involves teaching individuals and giving information to the public to achieve better health. Health promotion motivates individuals to accept behavioral change by directly influencing beliefs, values, and attitudes. The two concepts, health promotion, and education share symbiotic strategies. Health promotion and health education are closely related or associated so that they benefit from each other.
