Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris) - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What Is Jock Itch?

Jock itch, otherwise called tinea cruris, is a fungal infection that usually affects men. It gives rise to rashes in the skin of the genitals, inner thighs, and buttocks. The rashes are itchy, pink or red, and mostly ring-shaped. They generally develop in the warm and moist parts of the body, as it is the perfect environment for the fungus to grow.

Mold-like fungi known as dermatophytes often cause jock itch. These fungi live on human skin, hair, and nails. They are usually harmless, but due to poor hygiene and sweat, they find the perfect environment to multiply and cause infection.

Jock itch is more common in athletes, obese people, and people who sweat a lot. It is not a serious infection but can cause discomfort and irritation. This infection is treated by keeping the groin area clean and dry and by applying antifungal powder or cream.

What Does a Jock Itch Look Like?

Jock itch starts with mild itching in the groin, which progresses to become severe. The rash appears on both sides of the groin and mainly affects the folds. The signs and symptoms of jock itch are:

• Redness.

• Constant itching.

• Burning or stinging sensation.

• The skin becomes red or pink.

• The skin looks flaky or cracking.

• The rash worsens with physical activity.

• The rash worsens with the application of Hydrocortisone cream.

The areas affected are the groin, inner thighs, and it may spread to the buttocks and abdomen. The scrotum is generally not affected. If the rash does not get better in a couple of weeks or keeps coming back, then consult a dermatologist immediately.

The rash may form pus-filled blisters and ooze, or it may dry out and become rough. Jock itch can also affect women, and it can result in rashes in the labia, vagina, and anus. Women might also have white vaginal discharge.

What Are the Causes of Jock Itch?

Jock itch is a highly contagious fungal infection. It can spread from person to person through contact or sharing clothes. Individuals can also get infected by using exercise equipment that has this fungus on its surface.

This fungus thrives in warm and moist environments, so people who sweat a lot due to being overweight or exercising are at risk. Some of the other factors that increase the risk of developing jock itch are:

1. Men are more susceptible than women.

2. People who sweat a lot.

3. Obese or overweight people as they have more skin folds.

4. Diabetic patients.

5. Teenagers and young adults are more susceptible.

6. Individuals who wear tight clothes and innerwear, as these garments retain moisture in the skin.

7. Immunocompromised patients or people with a weak immune system.

How Is Jock Itch Diagnosed?

The physician will be able to diagnose jock itch with the help of the symptoms and appearance. In some cases, the doctor might suggest individuals get some of the following tests:

• Skin Lesion KOH Exam - A sample is collected by scraping the lesion, which is then covered with a drop of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and examined under a microscope. This will confirm a fungal infection.

• Fungal Culture Test - Sometimes, skin scraping is given for a fungal culture.

• Wood’s Light Examination - Light is used to examine the rash.

• Skin Biopsy - In rare cases, a small skin sample is cut from the lesion for lab examination.

Skin biopsies are rarely done to distinguish jock itch from the following similar-looking conditions:

1. Ringworm infection.

2. Inverse psoriasis.

3. Contact dermatitis.

4. Intertrigo.

5. Impetigo.

6. Diaper rash.

7. Heat rash.

8. Familial pemphigus.

What Are the Treatment Options of Jock Itch?

Home Remedies:

Most cases of jock itch can be treated effectively with the following home remedies -

• Wash the groin area and other affected areas properly with soap and warm water.

• Pat these areas dry with a soft towel gently.

• Dry the area properly after exercise.

• Individuals can apply over-the-counter antifungal cream or powder on the rash.

• Wash the clothes and undergarments properly.

• Always wear loose cotton clothes.

• Make it a point to change the undergarments daily.

If there is no improvement after a few weeks, see a doctor right away.

• Topical medications - Econazole, Oxiconazole.

• Oral medications - Itraconazole, Fluconazole.

Side effects of oral antifungal medicines include stomach upset and headaches. If individuals have any of these adverse effects, consult with a doctor.

What Are the Steps to Prevent Jock Itch?

There are various strategies to lessen the chances of getting jock itch, including:

• Maintain good hygiene. Hand washing on a regular basis can considerably lower the chances of contracting this virus from someone else. It is also critical to keep the skin clean and dry, particularly around the groin.

• Wash the region with soap on a regular basis and thoroughly dry it after bathing. Applying baby powder around the groin might also help to keep excess wetness at bay.

• Avoid wearing apparel that is too tight. Tight clothing can irritate or scrape the skin, making one more prone to jock itch. Instead of boxer briefs, one may consider wearing boxer shorts.

• In hot or humid weather, wear loose clothing. Sweating and the warm, damp environment in which fungus flourishes can be avoided by wearing loose clothing. After each use, make sure to wash any training clothes or athletic supporters.

• If one has an athlete's foot, seek treatment as soon as possible. Jock itch is caused by the same fungi that cause athlete's foot and vice versa. One can avoid spreading it to the groin by not using the same towel on both feet and the groin.

Conclusion:

Jock itch is a bothersome condition. It is uncomfortable and irritating. It may sting or burn as well. Antifungal drugs or home cures, on the other hand, can help one get rid of jock itch. If one scrapes the groin, the fungus will spread to other parts of the body. It is also critical to stick to the doctor's treatment regimen. If one fails to complete the entire course of medication, jock itch may reappear. Inquire with the physician about preventing jock itch from extending to other parts of the body or people.