Introduction:
Unlike traditional floss, the water flosser simply uses a pulsating jet of water to clean the dental plaque in the contact areas of the teeth. This article deals with mechanisms, steps, or instructions commonly followed in most water flossing devices, the types of patients for whom this method is ideally applicable, and its disadvantages.
What Is the Mechanism of Water Flosser?
Water flossers utilize a mechanism of action that involves a steady and targeted stream of pulsating water, which is pressurized and angled toward the dental plaque. This plaque consists of harmful oral pathogens, debris, and bacteria that accumulate at the junction between the teeth and gums in the mouth. The primary aim and advantage of using a water flosser is to effectively remove food particles lodged in crevices, as well as bacteria and plaque located beneath the gumline (known as subgingival plaque), which can lead to the formation of hard deposits called subgingival calculus. These calculus deposits typically require removal by a dentist using a dental scaler.
The pulsating action of the water flosser also provides the added benefit of stimulating healthy blood flow in the gum tissue. While the specific instructions may vary for each water flosser brand and model, the basic operation and method of use are generally similar across different brands available worldwide.
Who Benefits From Water Flossing?
Dental research demonstrates that water flossers carrying the ADA (American Dental Association) seal of acceptance are highly effective, user-friendly, and safe in removing stubborn tooth-bound plaque deposits. These ADA-approved flossers can also assist in reducing the progression of gingivitis. Water flossing is particularly beneficial for individuals who struggle with traditional flossing techniques, such as those with conditions like Parkinson's disease (a brain disorder that causes problems in balance and coordination), rheumatoid arthritis (an inflammatory disease that affects the joints), and certain neurological conditions.
While water flossers can be a beneficial option for individuals with prosthetics like bridgework, crowns, or dental implants (as it can be challenging to clean effectively under these areas), they should not be considered a substitute for professional dental scaling. Professional dental scaling, performed by dentists using high-frequency dental scalers, ensures thorough removal of deposits. It is recommended that adults, regardless of gum or periodontal disease, undergo professional dental scaling every six months to one year.
What Are the Step-By-Step Instructions for Water Flossing?
The following step-by-step instructions generally hold true for most water flossers. These instructions include:
- Begin by filling the reservoir with warm water.
- Identify the device base and press firmly down on it.
- Choose a tip and click it or insert it into the handle.
- Take note of the specific pressure settings on the water flosser. For smart water flossers, it is recommended to start with the lowest pressure setting. Once ready to begin, place the tip into the mouth while leaning over the sink or spittoon to prevent water spillage. Adjust the water temperature and power setting based on comfort and handling ability.
- Turn on the unit and close the mouth just enough to prevent water from splashing out. Let the water flow from the mouth into the sink below, aiming the floss tip at the gum line, junctions, or contact areas between the teeth.
- After completing flossing, always turn off the device first, then press the 'eject' button to remove the tip. For optimal flossing results, start from the back of the mouth and work around the front teeth, ensuring coverage of all areas. The entire process should last at least two minutes to achieve a thorough cleansing effect from the water flosser.
- It is important to empty the water reservoir after each flossing session to prevent the growth or colonization of oral bacteria and pathogens. Adding a pinch of salt to the water flosser is recommended by many dentists as it helps cleanse the gingival crevices or pockets, providing a bactericidal effect. For maximum effectiveness, one may also use hydrogen peroxide or vinegar, as advised by the dentist, to clean the flosser machine and tips between uses. Additionally, it is recommended to replace the tip every three to six months to maintain personal oral hygiene.
What Are the Potential Disadvantages of Water Flossers?
The disadvantage of water flossers in patients with periodontal disease, especially in periodontal deep pockets, is that the pulsing water is gentle on gums, which may not effectively address gingival bleeding. Additionally, even in dentally healthy individuals, water flossers may not be as effective as manual string floss in reaching hard-to-access areas of the mouth or between tightly spaced teeth. Other disadvantages include potentially less effective plaque removal compared to manual flossing, the need to carefully follow user instructions, maintaining personal hygiene standards while using the device, the necessity to change tips, and some individuals finding the overall procedure more time-consuming compared to using manual string floss.
Conclusion
Flossing, especially for individuals with dental prosthetics, dental braces, or individuals with certain systemic conditions has superior advantages. However, it is important for patients to understand that regular professional dental scaling or prophylaxis, where plaque and calculus deposits are thoroughly cleaned by a dental professional, is essential. Water flossing is meant to complement professional dental care and should not be considered a substitute for it. If someone experiences bleeding, gum inflammation, or deepening periodontal pockets, these may be signs of gingival or periodontal disease. In such cases, it is crucial to seek professional cleaning by a dentist to prevent the progression of the disease.
