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The medical specialty that uses imaging techniques, such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, etc., to diagnose and treat medical conditions is called radiology.
The two common types of radiology are:
- Diagnostic radiology - It is used to diagnose the cause of the symptoms that the patient is experiencing. Examples include CT scan, MRI, mammography, and ultrasound.
- Interventional radiology - The use of imaging techniques to guide therapeutic procedures. Examples include angiography, embolization, needle biopsies, and vertebroplasty.
Physicians who are trained in diagnostic or interventional radiology are called radiologists. They perform tests to diagnose a condition and an interventional radiologist treats cancer, blocks in the arteries, liver and kidney problems, and uterine fibroids using interventional radiology.
Some of the conditions that a radiologist treats are angioplasty and stent placement for heart blockages, embolization to control bleeding, chemo or radioembolization to treat cancer, etc.
An interventional radiologist does perform image-guided and minimally invasive surgeries. For example, performing biopsies, drain abscesses, insert catheters, and stent placement.
Radiologists, with the help of various imaging techniques, have improved the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer.
The various imaging techniques used in radiology help your doctor see your internal organs without the need to open you up. It helps in the early detection of cancer, thus reducing the mortality rate. Most of the imaging techniques are painless and the treatment can be done using minimally invasive procedures.
You will have to consult a radiologist when your primary care physician wants you to get a diagnostic imaging test.
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